# bibtab

bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Bronowski:1973:AM
author: Jacob Bronowski
booktitle: The Ascent of Man
title: The Ascent of Man
publisher: British Broadcasting Corporation
address: London, UK
pages: 448
year: 1973
ISBN: 0-563-10498-8 OR 0563104988
ISBN13: 978-0-563-10498-8 OR 9780563104988
LCCN: Q175 .B7918 1973; CB151
bibdate: Tue May 19 05:31:57 MDT 2015
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.19 05:31:57 MDT
abstract: Based on the BBC television series.
subject: Science; Philosophy; History; Human beings
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1908--1974
rawabstract: Based on the BBC television series.
rawauthor: Jacob Bronowski
rawbooktitle: The Ascent of Man
rawtitle: The Ascent of Man
bibsource:
fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib

TOC:
Foreword / 13 1: Lower than the Angels / 19 Animal adaptation The human alternative Beginning in Africa Fossil evidence The gift of foresight Evolution of the head The mosaic of man The cultures of the hunter Across the ice ages Transhumance cultures: the Lapps Imagination in cave art 2: The Harvest of the Seasons / 59 The pace of cultural evolution Nomad cultures: the Bakhtiari Beginnings of agriculture: wheat Jericho Earthquake country Technology in the village The wheel Domestication of animals: the horse War games: Buz Kashi Settled civilisation 3: The Grain in the Stone / 91 Coming to the New World Blood group evidence of migrations The actions of shaping and splitting Structure and hierarchy The city: Machu Picchu Straight-edge architecture: Paestum The Roman arch: Segovia The Gothic adventure; Rheims Science as architecture The hidden figure: Michelangelo to Moore Pleasure in construction Below the visible 4: The Hidden Structure / 123 Fire, the transforming element Extraction of metals: copper The structure of alloys Bronze as a work of art Iron to steel: the Japanese sword Gold The incorruptible Alchemical theory of man and nature Paracelsus and the coming of chemistry Fire and air: Joseph Priestley Antoine Lavoisier: combination can be quantified John Dalton's atomic theory 5: The Music of the Spheres / 155 The language of numbers The key to harmony: Pythagoras The right-angled triangle Euclid and Ptolemy at Alexandria Rise of Islam Arabic numbers The Alhambra: patterns of space Crystal symmetries Perspective from Alhazen Movement in time, the new dynamic The mathematics of change 6: The Starry Messenger / 189 The cycle of seasons The unmapped sky: Easter Island Ptolemy's system in the Dondi Clock Copernicus: the sun as centre The telescope Galileo opens the scientific method Prohibition of the Copernican system Dialogue on the two systems The Inquisition Galileo recants The Scientific Revolution moves north 7: The Majestic Clockwork / 221 Kepler's laws The centre of the world Isaac Newton's innovations: fluxions Unfolding the spectrum Gravitation and the Principia The intellectual dictator Challenge in satire Newton's absolute space Absolute time Albert Einstein The traveller carries his own space and time Relativity is proved The new philosophy / 5 8: The Drive for Power / 259 English revolution Everyday technology: James Brindley The revolt against privilege: Figaro Benjamin Franklin and the American revolution The new men: masters of iron The outlook: Wedgwood and the Lunar society The driving factory The new preoccupation: energy The cornucopia of invention The unity of nature 9: The Ladder of Creation / 291 The naturalists Charles Darwin Alfred Wallace Impact of South America The wealth of species Wallace loses his collection Natural selection conceived The continuity of evolution Louis Pasteur: right hand, left hand Chemical constants in evolution The origin of life The bases Are other forms of life possible? 10: World Within World / 321 The cube of salt Its elements Mendeleev's game of patience The periodic table J. J. Thomson: the atom has parts Structure in new art Structure in the atom: Rutherford and Niels Bohr The life cycle of a theory The nucleus has parts The neutron: Chadwick and Fermi Evolution of the elements The second law as statistics Stratified stability Copying the physics of nature Ludwig Boltzmann: atoms are real 11: Knowledge or Certainty / 353 There is no absolute knowledge The spectrum of invisible radiations The refinement of detail Gauss and the idea of uncertainty The sub-structure of reality: Max Born Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty The principle of tolerance: Leo Szilard Science is human 12: Generation upon Generation / 379 The voice of insurrection The kitchen garden naturalist: Gregor Mendel Genetics of the pea Instant oblivion An all-or-nothing model of inheritance The magic number two: sex Crick and Watson's model of DNA Replication and growth Cloning of identical forms Sexual choice in human diversity 13: The Long Childhood / 411 Man, the social solitary Human specificity Specific development of the brain Precision of the hand The speech areas The postponement of decision The mind as an instrument of preparation The democracy of the intellect The moral imagination The brain and the computer: John von Neumann The strategy of values Knowledge is our destiny The commitment of man Bibliography / 440 Index / 443

rawTOC:
Foreword / 13 \\ 1: Lower than the Angels / 19 \\ Animal adaptation \\ The human alternative \\ Beginning in Africa \\ Fossil evidence \\ The gift of foresight \\ Evolution of the head \\ The mosaic of man \\ The cultures of the hunter \\ Across the ice ages \\ Transhumance cultures: the Lapps \\ Imagination in cave art \\ 2: The Harvest of the Seasons / 59 \\ The pace of cultural evolution \\ Nomad cultures: the Bakhtiari \\ Beginnings of agriculture: wheat \\ Jericho \\ Earthquake country \\ Technology in the village \\ The wheel \\ Domestication of animals: the horse \\ War games: Buz Kashi \\ Settled civilisation \\ 3: The Grain in the Stone / 91 \\ Coming to the New World \\ Blood group evidence of migrations \\ The actions of shaping and splitting \\ Structure and hierarchy \\ The city: Machu Picchu \\ Straight-edge architecture: Paestum \\ The Roman arch: Segovia \\ The Gothic adventure; Rheims \\ Science as architecture \\ The hidden figure: Michelangelo to Moore \\ Pleasure in construction \\ Below the visible \\ 4: The Hidden Structure / 123 \\ Fire, the transforming element \\ Extraction of metals: copper \\ The structure of alloys \\ Bronze as a work of art \\ Iron to steel: the Japanese sword \\ Gold \\ The incorruptible \\ Alchemical theory of man and nature \\ Paracelsus and the coming of chemistry \\ Fire and air: Joseph Priestley \\ Antoine Lavoisier: combination can be quantified \\ John Dalton's atomic theory \\ 5: The Music of the Spheres / 155 \\ The language of numbers \\ The key to harmony: Pythagoras \\ The right-angled triangle \\ Euclid and Ptolemy at Alexandria \\ Rise of Islam \\ Arabic numbers \\ The Alhambra: patterns of space Crystal symmetries \\ Perspective from Alhazen \\ Movement in time, the new dynamic \\ The mathematics of change \\ 6: The Starry Messenger / 189 \\ The cycle of seasons \\ The unmapped sky: Easter Island \\ Ptolemy's system in the Dondi Clock \\ Copernicus: the sun as centre \\ The telescope \\ Galileo opens the scientific method \\ Prohibition of the Copernican system \\ Dialogue on the two systems \\ The Inquisition \\ Galileo recants \\ The Scientific Revolution moves north \\ 7: The Majestic Clockwork / 221 \\ Kepler's laws \\ The centre of the world \\ Isaac Newton's innovations: fluxions \\ Unfolding the spectrum \\ Gravitation and the Principia \\ The intellectual dictator \\ Challenge in satire \\ Newton's absolute space \\ Absolute time \\ Albert Einstein \\ The traveller carries his own space and time \\ Relativity is proved \\ The new philosophy / 5 \\ 8: The Drive for Power / 259 \\ English revolution \\ Everyday technology: James Brindley \\ The revolt against privilege: Figaro \\ Benjamin Franklin and the American revolution \\ The new men: masters of iron \\ The outlook: Wedgwood and the Lunar society \\ The driving factory \\ The new preoccupation: energy \\ The cornucopia of invention \\ The unity of nature \\ 9: The Ladder of Creation / 291 \\ The naturalists \\ Charles Darwin \\ Alfred Wallace \\ Impact of South America \\ The wealth of species \\ Wallace loses his collection \\ Natural selection conceived \\ The continuity of evolution \\ Louis Pasteur: right hand, left hand \\ Chemical constants in evolution \\ The origin of life \\ The bases \\ Are other forms of life possible? \\ 10: World Within World / 321 \\ The cube of salt \\ Its elements \\ Mendeleev's game of patience \\ The periodic table \\ J. J. Thomson: the atom has parts \\ Structure in new art \\ Structure in the atom: Rutherford and Niels Bohr \\ The life cycle of a theory \\ The nucleus has parts \\ The neutron: Chadwick and Fermi \\ Evolution of the elements \\ The second law as statistics \\ Stratified stability \\ Copying the physics of nature \\ Ludwig Boltzmann: atoms are real \\ 11: Knowledge or Certainty / 353 \\ There is no absolute knowledge \\ The spectrum of invisible radiations \\ The refinement of detail \\ Gauss and the idea of uncertainty \\ The sub-structure of reality: Max Born \\ Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty \\ The principle of tolerance: Leo Szilard \\ Science is human \\ 12: Generation upon Generation / 379 \\ The voice of insurrection \\ The kitchen garden naturalist: Gregor Mendel \\ Genetics of the pea \\ Instant oblivion \\ An all-or-nothing model of inheritance \\ The magic number two: sex \\ Crick and Watson's model of DNA \\ Replication and growth \\ Cloning of identical forms \\ Sexual choice in human diversity \\ 13: The Long Childhood / 411 \\ Man, the social solitary \\ Human specificity \\ Specific development of the brain \\ Precision of the hand \\ The speech areas \\ The postponement of decision \\ The mind as an instrument of preparation \\ The democracy of the intellect \\ The moral imagination \\ The brain and the computer: John von Neumann \\ The strategy of values \\ Knowledge is our destiny \\ The commitment of man \\ Bibliography / 440 \\ Index / 443

entry:
@Book{Bronowski:1973:AM,
  author =       "Jacob Bronowski",
  booktitle =    "The Ascent of Man",
  title =        "The Ascent of Man",
  publisher =    "British Broadcasting Corporation",
  address =      "London, UK",
  pages =        "448",
  year =         "1973",
  ISBN =         "0-563-10498-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-563-10498-8",
  LCCN =         "Q175 .B7918 1973; CB151",
  bibdate =      "Tue May 19 05:31:57 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  abstract =     "Based on the BBC television series.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1908--1974",
  subject =      "Science; Philosophy; History; Human beings",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword / 13 \\
                 1: Lower than the Angels / 19 \\
                 Animal adaptation \\
                 The human alternative \\
                 Beginning in Africa \\
                 Fossil evidence \\
                 The gift of foresight \\
                 Evolution of the head \\
                 The mosaic of man \\
                 The cultures of the hunter \\
                 Across the ice ages \\
                 Transhumance cultures: the Lapps \\
                 Imagination in cave art \\
                 2: The Harvest of the Seasons / 59 \\
                 The pace of cultural evolution \\
                 Nomad cultures: the Bakhtiari \\
                 Beginnings of agriculture: wheat \\
                 Jericho \\
                 Earthquake country \\
                 Technology in the village \\
                 The wheel \\
                 Domestication of animals: the horse \\
                 War games: Buz Kashi \\
                 Settled civilisation \\
                 3: The Grain in the Stone / 91 \\
                 Coming to the New World \\
                 Blood group evidence of migrations \\
                 The actions of shaping and splitting \\
                 Structure and hierarchy \\
                 The city: Machu Picchu \\
                 Straight-edge architecture: Paestum \\
                 The Roman arch: Segovia \\
                 The Gothic adventure; Rheims \\
                 Science as architecture \\
                 The hidden figure: Michelangelo to Moore \\
                 Pleasure in construction \\
                 Below the visible \\
                 4: The Hidden Structure / 123 \\
                 Fire, the transforming element \\
                 Extraction of metals: copper \\
                 The structure of alloys \\
                 Bronze as a work of art \\
                 Iron to steel: the Japanese sword \\
                 Gold \\
                 The incorruptible \\
                 Alchemical theory of man and nature \\
                 Paracelsus and the coming of chemistry \\
                 Fire and air: Joseph Priestley \\
                 Antoine Lavoisier: combination can be quantified \\
                 John Dalton's atomic theory \\
                 5: The Music of the Spheres / 155 \\
                 The language of numbers \\
                 The key to harmony: Pythagoras \\
                 The right-angled triangle \\
                 Euclid and Ptolemy at Alexandria \\
                 Rise of Islam \\
                 Arabic numbers \\
                 The Alhambra: patterns of space Crystal symmetries \\
                 Perspective from Alhazen \\
                 Movement in time, the new dynamic \\
                 The mathematics of change \\
                 6: The Starry Messenger / 189 \\
                 The cycle of seasons \\
                 The unmapped sky: Easter Island \\
                 Ptolemy's system in the Dondi Clock \\
                 Copernicus: the sun as centre \\
                 The telescope \\
                 Galileo opens the scientific method \\
                 Prohibition of the Copernican system \\
                 Dialogue on the two systems \\
                 The Inquisition \\
                 Galileo recants \\
                 The Scientific Revolution moves north \\
                 7: The Majestic Clockwork / 221 \\
                 Kepler's laws \\
                 The centre of the world \\
                 Isaac Newton's innovations: fluxions \\
                 Unfolding the spectrum \\
                 Gravitation and the Principia \\
                 The intellectual dictator \\
                 Challenge in satire \\
                 Newton's absolute space \\
                 Absolute time \\
                 Albert Einstein \\
                 The traveller carries his own space and time \\
                 Relativity is proved \\
                 The new philosophy / 5 \\
                 8: The Drive for Power / 259 \\
                 English revolution \\
                 Everyday technology: James Brindley \\
                 The revolt against privilege: Figaro \\
                 Benjamin Franklin and the American revolution \\
                 The new men: masters of iron \\
                 The outlook: Wedgwood and the Lunar society \\
                 The driving factory \\
                 The new preoccupation: energy \\
                 The cornucopia of invention \\
                 The unity of nature \\
                 9: The Ladder of Creation / 291 \\
                 The naturalists \\
                 Charles Darwin \\
                 Alfred Wallace \\
                 Impact of South America \\
                 The wealth of species \\
                 Wallace loses his collection \\
                 Natural selection conceived \\
                 The continuity of evolution \\
                 Louis Pasteur: right hand, left hand \\
                 Chemical constants in evolution \\
                 The origin of life \\
                 The bases \\
                 Are other forms of life possible? \\
                 10: World Within World / 321 \\
                 The cube of salt \\
                 Its elements \\
                 Mendeleev's game of patience \\
                 The periodic table \\
                 J. J. Thomson: the atom has parts \\
                 Structure in new art \\
                 Structure in the atom: Rutherford and Niels Bohr \\
                 The life cycle of a theory \\
                 The nucleus has parts \\
                 The neutron: Chadwick and Fermi \\
                 Evolution of the elements \\
                 The second law as statistics \\
                 Stratified stability \\
                 Copying the physics of nature \\
                 Ludwig Boltzmann: atoms are real \\
                 11: Knowledge or Certainty / 353 \\
                 There is no absolute knowledge \\
                 The spectrum of invisible radiations \\
                 The refinement of detail \\
                 Gauss and the idea of uncertainty \\
                 The sub-structure of reality: Max Born \\
                 Heisenberg's Principle of Uncertainty \\
                 The principle of tolerance: Leo Szilard \\
                 Science is human \\
                 12: Generation upon Generation / 379 \\
                 The voice of insurrection \\
                 The kitchen garden naturalist: Gregor Mendel \\
                 Genetics of the pea \\
                 Instant oblivion \\
                 An all-or-nothing model of inheritance \\
                 The magic number two: sex \\
                 Crick and Watson's model of DNA \\
                 Replication and growth \\
                 Cloning of identical forms \\
                 Sexual choice in human diversity \\
                 13: The Long Childhood / 411 \\
                 Man, the social solitary \\
                 Human specificity \\
                 Specific development of the brain \\
                 Precision of the hand \\
                 The speech areas \\
                 The postponement of decision \\
                 The mind as an instrument of preparation \\
                 The democracy of the intellect \\
                 The moral imagination \\
                 The brain and the computer: John von Neumann \\
                 The strategy of values \\
                 Knowledge is our destiny \\
                 The commitment of man \\
                 Bibliography / 440 \\
                 Index / 443",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Blumberg:1976:ECL
author: Stanley A. Blumberg and Gwinn Owens
booktitle: Energy and conflict: the life and times of Edward Teller
title: Energy and conflict: the life and times of Edward Teller
publisher: pub-PUTNAM
address: pub-PUTNAM:adr
pages: xvii + 492 + 4
year: 1976
ISBN: 0-399-11551-X OR 039911551X
ISBN13: 978-0-399-11551-6 OR 9780399115516
LCCN: QC16.T37 B58 1976
bibdate: Thu Oct 6 06:57:45 MDT 2011
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.06 06:57:45 MDT
URL: http://alsos.wlu.edu/information.aspx?id=367
subject: Teller, Edward
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1908--2003
rawauthor: Stanley A. Blumberg and Gwinn Owens
rawbooktitle: Energy and conflict: the life and times of {Edward Teller}
rawtitle: Energy and conflict: the life and times of {Edward Teller}
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

abstract:
In this 1976 biography of Edward Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb, the authors present exclusive interviews, memorabilia, and photos provided by Teller. The book does not focus on one era of Teller's life, but delves into each stage of his life and career. The controversial Teller spearheaded America's effort to build the hydrogen bomb, and then testified against Robert Oppenheimer in his security clearance trial. The book explains his early persecution by the Hungarian communists, then the Nazis in Germany. His role in the Manhattan Project is described in detail. Also portrayed is the development of the H-bomb, including descriptions of its evolving design. Teller's life after the H-bomb is shown to a limited extent, with government surveillance of his activities and his despair over the limited test ban treaty as two of the highlights. The book offers a detailed and comprehensive view of Edward Teller. Though objective, the biography emphasizes the interviews with Teller and does not always fully treat the opinions of his critics.

TOC:
Acknowledgments / ix Introduction / xiii 1. The Russians Are Coming / 1 2. Birth and Death of a Golden Age / 28 3. The Quantum Jump / 51 4. The Garfield Street Gang / 64 5. Duty Whispers Low / 79 6. Prospects of Doomsday / 102 7. Rebel on the Assembly Line / 124 8. Woe Without Warning / 142 9. Flashback to Budapest / 164 10. Deuterium, Tritium, and Politics / 184 11. The Capture of Washington / 213 12. Fusion and Confusion / 232 13. Racing Through the Fog / 263 14. Background for a Tragedy / 299 15. The Oppenheimer Noose / 321 i6. The Witness / 342 17. The Years of the Black Bugs / 364 i8. The Era of the Falling Out / 381 19. There Is No Peace / 415 Appendix I: What I Did in Los Alamos in World War II [letter from Edward Teller] / 453 Appendix II: Petition Circulated by Leo Szilard to Oppose U.S. Use of Atomic Bomb Against Japan, July 17, 1945 / 459 Notes / 461 Index / 479

rawabstract:
In this 1976 biography of Edward Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb, the authors present exclusive interviews, memorabilia, and photos provided by Teller. The book does not focus on one era of Teller's life, but delves into each stage of his life and career. The controversial Teller spearheaded America's effort to build the hydrogen bomb, and then testified against Robert Oppenheimer in his security clearance trial. The book explains his early persecution by the Hungarian communists, then the Nazis in Germany. His role in the Manhattan Project is described in detail. Also portrayed is the development of the H-bomb, including descriptions of its evolving design. Teller's life after the H-bomb is shown to a limited extent, with government surveillance of his activities and his despair over the limited test ban treaty as two of the highlights. The book offers a detailed and comprehensive view of Edward Teller. Though objective, the biography emphasizes the interviews with Teller and does not always fully treat the opinions of his critics.

rawTOC:
Acknowledgments / ix \\ Introduction / xiii \\ 1. The Russians Are Coming / 1 \\ 2. Birth and Death of a Golden Age / 28 \\ 3. The Quantum Jump / 51 \\ 4. The Garfield Street Gang / 64 \\ 5. Duty Whispers Low / 79 \\ 6. Prospects of Doomsday / 102 \\ 7. Rebel on the Assembly Line / 124 \\ 8. Woe Without Warning / 142 \\ 9. Flashback to Budapest / 164 \\ 10. Deuterium, Tritium, and Politics / 184 \\ 11. The Capture of Washington / 213 \\ 12. Fusion and Confusion / 232 \\ 13. Racing Through the Fog / 263 \\ 14. Background for a Tragedy / 299 \\ 15. The Oppenheimer Noose / 321 \\ i6. The Witness / 342 \\ 17. The Years of the Black Bugs / 364 \\ i8. The Era of the Falling Out / 381 \\ 19. There Is No Peace / 415 \\ Appendix I: What I Did in Los Alamos in World War II [letter from Edward Teller] / 453 \\ Appendix II: Petition Circulated by Leo Szilard to Oppose U.S. Use of Atomic Bomb Against Japan, July 17, 1945 / 459 \\ Notes / 461 \\ Index / 479

entry:
@Book{Blumberg:1976:ECL,
  author =       "Stanley A. Blumberg and Gwinn Owens",
  booktitle =    "Energy and conflict: the life and times of {Edward
                 Teller}",
  title =        "Energy and conflict: the life and times of {Edward
                 Teller}",
  publisher =    pub-PUTNAM,
  address =      pub-PUTNAM:adr,
  pages =        "xvii + 492 + 4",
  year =         "1976",
  ISBN =         "0-399-11551-X",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-399-11551-6",
  LCCN =         "QC16.T37 B58 1976",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 06:57:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  price =        "US\$12.95",
  URL =          "http://alsos.wlu.edu/information.aspx?id=367",
  abstract =     "In this 1976 biography of Edward Teller, father of the
                 hydrogen bomb, the authors present exclusive
                 interviews, memorabilia, and photos provided by Teller.
                 The book does not focus on one era of Teller's life,
                 but delves into each stage of his life and career. The
                 controversial Teller spearheaded America's effort to
                 build the hydrogen bomb, and then testified against
                 Robert Oppenheimer in his security clearance trial. The
                 book explains his early persecution by the Hungarian
                 communists, then the Nazis in Germany. His role in the
                 Manhattan Project is described in detail. Also
                 portrayed is the development of the H-bomb, including
                 descriptions of its evolving design. Teller's life
                 after the H-bomb is shown to a limited extent, with
                 government surveillance of his activities and his
                 despair over the limited test ban treaty as two of the
                 highlights. The book offers a detailed and
                 comprehensive view of Edward Teller. Though objective,
                 the biography emphasizes the interviews with Teller and
                 does not always fully treat the opinions of his
                 critics.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Teller, Edward",
  subject-dates = "1908--2003",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments / ix \\
                 Introduction / xiii \\
                 1. The Russians Are Coming / 1 \\
                 2. Birth and Death of a Golden Age / 28 \\
                 3. The Quantum Jump / 51 \\
                 4. The Garfield Street Gang / 64 \\
                 5. Duty Whispers Low / 79 \\
                 6. Prospects of Doomsday / 102 \\
                 7. Rebel on the Assembly Line / 124 \\
                 8. Woe Without Warning / 142 \\
                 9. Flashback to Budapest / 164 \\
                 10. Deuterium, Tritium, and Politics / 184 \\
                 11. The Capture of Washington / 213 \\
                 12. Fusion and Confusion / 232 \\
                 13. Racing Through the Fog / 263 \\
                 14. Background for a Tragedy / 299 \\
                 15. The Oppenheimer Noose / 321 \\
                 i6. The Witness / 342 \\
                 17. The Years of the Black Bugs / 364 \\
                 i8. The Era of the Falling Out / 381 \\
                 19. There Is No Peace / 415 \\
                 Appendix I: What I Did in Los Alamos in World War II
                 [letter from Edward Teller] / 453 \\
                 Appendix II: Petition Circulated by Leo Szilard to
                 Oppose U.S. Use of Atomic Bomb Against Japan, July 17,
                 1945 / 459 \\
                 Notes / 461 \\
                 Index / 479",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Weart:1978:LSH
editor: Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard
booktitle: Leo Szilard, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence
title: Leo Szilard, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence
volume: 2
publisher: pub-MIT
address: pub-MIT:adr
pages: xxii + 244
year: 1978
ISBN: 0-262-19168-7 (hardcover) OR 0262191687 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-262-19168-5 (hardcover) OR 9780262191685 (hardcover)
LCCN: QC3 .S97 vol. 2; QC16.S95
bibdate: Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010
bibtimestamp: 2010.07.28 18:24:21 MDT
series: The Collected works of Leo Szilard
subject: Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Correspondence; Interviews; Biography
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: {Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence
raweditor: Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard
rawtitle: {Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected recollections and correspondence
abstract:
This book is a collection of documents, letters, and memoranda about atomic energy written by Leo Szilard. The documents, presented in English in chronological order, show the birth and growth of the atomic age from the perspective of the man who first conceived of how to construct an A-bomb. The book is a window into the written thoughts and deeds of an atomic pioneer and a highly opinionated individual. It reveals Szilard's passionate efforts to beat the Nazis in the race for the atomic bomb, followed an equally passionate effort to prevent atomic attacks against Japan in August of 1945. Szilard's ideas for an elite international organization for peace called Der Bund are presented in a draft proposal for the organization. The documents give an account not only of Szilard's life, but an expert's view on the early stages of atomic development.

TOC:
List of Documents / xi Preface / xvii Acknowledgments / xix Note on the Text / xxi Chapter I: You don't have to be much cleverer, you just have to be one day earlier Recollections / 3 Documents through January 1939 / 22 Chapter II: There was very little doubt in my mind that the world was headed for grief Recollections / 53 Documents from December 1938 through July 1939 / 60 Chapter III: Sir: Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard ldots leads me to expect ldots Yours very truly, A. Einstein Recollections / 81 Documents from April 1939 through December 1939 / 87 Chapter IV: From that point on secrecy was on Recollections / 115 Documents from February 1940 through October 1940 / 118 Chapter V: Somehow we did not seem to get the things done which needed to be done Recollections / 143 Documents from December 1940 through February 1944 / 150 Chapter VI: Some of us began to think about the wisdom of testing bombs and using bombs Recollections / 181 Documents from August 1944 through August 1945 / 189 Chapter VII: It was possible to tell people what we are facing in this century Recollections / 223 Documents from August 1945 through December 1945 / 230 Source Notes / 239 Name Index / 241

rawabstract:
This book is a collection of documents, letters, and memoranda about atomic energy written by Leo Szilard. The documents, presented in English in chronological order, show the birth and growth of the atomic age from the perspective of the man who first conceived of how to construct an A-bomb. The book is a window into the written thoughts and deeds of an atomic pioneer and a highly opinionated individual. It reveals Szilard's passionate efforts to beat the Nazis in the race for the atomic bomb, followed an equally passionate effort to prevent atomic attacks against Japan in August of 1945. Szilard's ideas for an elite international organization for peace called Der Bund are presented in a draft proposal for the organization. The documents give an account not only of Szilard's life, but an expert's view on the early stages of atomic development.

rawTOC:
List of Documents / xi \\ Preface / xvii \\ Acknowledgments / xix \\ Note on the Text / xxi \\ Chapter I: You don't have to be much cleverer, you just have to be one day earlier \\ Recollections / 3 \\ Documents through January 1939 / 22 \\ Chapter II: There was very little doubt in my mind that the world was headed for grief \\ Recollections / 53 \\ Documents from December 1938 through July 1939 / 60 \\ Chapter III: Sir: Some recent work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard \ldots{} leads me to expect \ldots{} Yours very truly, A. Einstein \\ Recollections / 81 \\ Documents from April 1939 through December 1939 / 87 \\ Chapter IV: From that point on secrecy was on \\ Recollections / 115 \\ Documents from February 1940 through October 1940 / 118 \\ Chapter V: Somehow we did not seem to get the things done which needed to be done \\ Recollections / 143 \\ Documents from December 1940 through February 1944 / 150 \\ Chapter VI: Some of us began to think about the wisdom of testing bombs and using bombs \\ Recollections / 181 \\ Documents from August 1944 through August 1945 / 189 \\ Chapter VII: It was possible to tell people what we are facing in this century \\ Recollections / 223 \\ Documents from August 1945 through December 1945 / 230 \\ Source Notes / 239 \\ Name Index / 241

entry:
@Book{Weart:1978:LSH,
  editor =       "Spencer R. Weart and Gertrud Weiss Szilard",
  booktitle =    "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected
                 recollections and correspondence",
  title =        "{Leo Szilard}, his version of the facts: selected
                 recollections and correspondence",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "xxii + 244",
  year =         "1978",
  ISBN =         "0-262-19168-7 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-19168-5 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC3 .S97 vol. 2; QC16.S95",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "The Collected works of Leo Szilard",
  abstract =     "This book is a collection of documents, letters, and
                 memoranda about atomic energy written by Leo Szilard.
                 The documents, presented in English in chronological
                 order, show the birth and growth of the atomic age from
                 the perspective of the man who first conceived of how
                 to construct an A-bomb. The book is a window into the
                 written thoughts and deeds of an atomic pioneer and a
                 highly opinionated individual. It reveals Szilard's
                 passionate efforts to beat the Nazis in the race for
                 the atomic bomb, followed an equally passionate effort
                 to prevent atomic attacks against Japan in August of
                 1945. Szilard's ideas for an elite international
                 organization for peace called Der Bund are presented in
                 a draft proposal for the organization. The documents
                 give an account not only of Szilard's life, but an
                 expert's view on the early stages of atomic
                 development.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  listofdocuments = "1 Draft of Proposal for a New Organization Called
                 ``Der Bund'' (about 1930) / / 23 \\
                 2 Letter to Sir William Beveridge (May 4, 1933) / 30
                 \\
                 3 Letter to Dr. D. (May 7, 1933) / 32 \\
                 4 Letter to Unknown Addressee (August 11, 1933) / 34
                 \\
                 5 Letter to Lady Murray (April 24, 1934) with
                 Attachment ``Draft of Memorandum on the Sino--Japanese
                 War'' / 36 \\
                 6 Letter to Sir Hugo [Hirst] (March 17, 1934) / 38 \\
                 7 Memorandum of Possible Industrial Applications
                 Arising out of a New Branch of Physics (July 28, 1934)
                 / 39 \\
                 8 Letter from M. Polanyi (November 11, 1934) / 40 \\
                 9 Letter to F. A. Lindemann (June 3, 1935) / 41 \\
                 10 Letter from M. Polanyi (June 28, 1935) / 43 \\
                 11 Letter to M. Polanyi from Ch. Weizmann (July 5,
                 1935) / 43 \\
                 12 Letter from Maurice Goldhaber (March 18, 1936) / 44
                 \\
                 13 Letter to Niels Bohr (March 26, 1936) / 44 \\
                 14 Letter to Lord Rutherford (May 27, 1936) / 45 \\
                 15 Letter to J. Cockcroft (May 27, 1936) / 46 \\
                 16 Cable to F. A. Lindemann (October, 1938) / 48 \\
                 17 Letter to J. Tuck (October 21, 1938) / 48 \\
                 18 Letter to F. A. Lindemann (January 13, 1939) / 50
                 \\
                 19 Letter to Director of Navy Contracts (December 21,
                 1938) / 60 \\
                 20 Cable to Director of Navy Contracts (January 26,
                 1939) / 60 \\
                 21 Letter to Director of Navy Contracts (February 2,
                 1939) / 61 \\
                 22 Letter to Lewis Strauss (January 25, 1939) / 62 \\
                 23 Cable from F. A. Lindemann (February 3, 1939) / 63
                 \\
                 24 Letter to Lewis Strauss (February 13, 1939) / 63 \\
                 25 Letter from R. B. Kearney, Sales Manager, Radium
                 Chemical Company (February 14, 1939) / 65 \\
                 26 Letter from Edward Teller (about February 17, 1939)
                 / 66 \\
                 27 Letter to M. Tuve (March 22, I 939) / 67 \\
                 28 Letter from M. Tuve (March 27, 1939) / 68 \\
                 29 Letter to F. Joliot (February 2, 1939) / 69 \\
                 30 Cable to Lewis Strauss (February 19, 1939) / 70 \\
                 31 Cable to P. M. S. Blackett from V. Weisskopf (March
                 31, 1939) / 70 \\
                 32 Cable to H. von Halban from V. Weisskopf (March 31,
                 1939) / 71 \\
                 33 Letter to P. Dirac from E. Wigner (March 30, 1939) /
                 71 \\
                 34 Letter to P. M. S. Blackett from V. Weisskopf (about
                 April 1, 1939) / 72 \\
                 35 Cable from F. Joliot, H. von Halban, L. Kowarski
                 (April 5, 1939) / 73 \\
                 36 Cable to F. Joliot (April 6, 1939) / 73 \\
                 37 Letter to F. Joliot (April 7, 1939) / 74 \\
                 38 Cable from F. Joliot (April 6, 1939) / 74 \\
                 39 Cable to V. Weisskopf from P. M. S. Blackett (April
                 8, 1939) / 74 \\
                 40 Letter to Lewis Strauss (April 11, 1939) / 74 \\
                 41 Letter from M. Goldhaber (April 12, 1939) / 75 \\
                 42 Cable to P. M. S. Blackett (April 14, 1939) / 76 \\
                 43 Letter to P. M. S. Blackett (April 14, 1939) / 77
                 \\
                 44 Letter to Lewis Strauss (April 14, 1939) / 77 \\
                 45 Letter from Lewis Strauss (April 17, 1939) / 78 \\
                 46 Cable to F. Joliot (about April 14, 1939) / 78 \\
                 47 Letter from F. Joliot (April 19, 1939) / 78 \\
                 48 Letter to F. Joliot (July 5, 1939) / 80 \\
                 49 Letter from E. Wigner (April 17, 1939) / 87 \\
                 50 Letter to E. Wigner (May 21, 1939) / 87 \\
                 51 Letter to Lewis Strauss (July 3, 1939) / 88 \\
                 52 Letter from Ross Gunn (July 10, 1939) / 89 \\
                 53 Letter to A. Einstein (July 19, 1939) / 90 \\
                 54 Letter to A. Einstein (August 2, 1939) / 92 \\
                 55 Letter to President Roosevelt from A. Einstein
                 (August 2, 1939) / 94 \\
                 56 Letter to A. Einstein (August 9, 1939) / 96 \\
                 57 Letter to E. Wigner (August 9, 1939) / 97 \\
                 58 Letter to A. Sachs (August 15, 1939) / 97 \\
                 59 Letter to Colonel Lindbergh (August 16, 1939) / 99
                 \\
                 60 Letter to A. Einstein (September 27, 1939) / 100 \\
                 61 Letter to A. Einstein (October 3, 1939) / 101 \\
                 62 Letter to Gano Dunn (September 13, 1939) / 102 \\
                 63 Letter from E. Wigner (September 26, 1939) / 103 \\
                 64 Letter to President Roosevelt from A. Sachs (October
                 11, 1939) / 104 \\
                 65 Letter to W. F. Barrett, Vice-President, Union
                 Carbide and Carbon Corp., with Enclosure (October 18,
                 1939) / 106 \\
                 66 Letter to A. Einstein (October 17, 1939) / 107 \\
                 67 Letter to G. B. Pegram (October 21, 1939) / 109 \\
                 68 Letter to Lyman J. Briggs (October 26, 1939) / 110
                 \\
                 69 Letter to A. Sachs (November 5, 1939) / 112 \\
                 70 Letter to B. Liebowitz (December 4, 1939) / 113 \\
                 71 Letter to John T. Tate (February 14, 1940) / 118 \\
                 72 Letter to John T. Tate (April 5, 1940) / 118 \\
                 73 Letter to F. Joliot (April 12, 1940) / 119 \\
                 74 Letter to A. Einstein (March 7, 1940) / 119 \\
                 75 Letter to A. Sachs from A. Einstein (March 7, 1940)
                 / 120 \\
                 76 Letter to President Roosevelt from A. Sachs (March
                 15, 1940) / 121 \\
                 77 Letter to A. Sachs from President Roosevelt (April
                 5, 1940) / 122 \\
                 78 Letter to A. Sachs (April 22, 1940) with Memorandum
                 / 123 \\
                 79 Letter to Lyman J. Briggs from A. Einstein (April
                 25, 1940) / 125 \\
                 80 Letter from Louis A. Turner (May 27, 1940) / 126 \\
                 81 Letter to Louis A. Turner (May 30, 1940) / 127 \\
                 82 Memorandum for H. Urey (May 30, 1940) / 129 \\
                 83 Memorandum for A. Sachs (undated) / 131 \\
                 84 Letter from Louis A. Turner (June I, 1940) / 132 \\
                 85 Letter from G. Breit (June 5, 1940) / 133 \\
                 86 Letter to E. Fermi (July 4, 1940) / 133 \\
                 87 Letter to G. Breit (July 6, 1940) / 135 \\
                 88 Letter to E. Wigner (July 6, 1940) / 136 \\
                 89 Letter to A. Sachs (August 28, 1940) with Draft of
                 Memorandum (August 27, 1940) / 137 \\
                 90 Letter to G. B. Pegram (about October 1940) / 139
                 \\
                 91 Letter to V. C. Hamister, National Carbon Company
                 (December 16, 1940) / 150 \\
                 92 Letter to H. D. Batchelor, National Carbon Company
                 (February 7, 1941) / 150 \\
                 93 Letter to V. Bush (May 26, 1942) / 151 \\
                 94 Letter from V. Bush (June 1, 1942) / 153 \\
                 95 ``What is Wrong with Us?'' (September 21, 1942) /
                 153 \\
                 96 Memorandum to A. H. Compton on
                 ``Compartmentalization of Information and the Effect of
                 Impurities of 49'' (November 25, 1942) / 160 \\
                 97 Letter to V. Bush (January 14, 1944) / 161 \\
                 98 ``Proposed Conversation with Bush,'' Parts I--IV
                 (February 28, 1944) / 164 \\
                 99 Memorandum (August 10, 1944) / 189 \\
                 100 Letter to Lord Cherwell (August 18, 1944) / 192 \\
                 101 ``Atomic Bombs and the Postwar Position of the
                 United States in the World'' (Spring, 1945) / 196 \\
                 102 Letter to President Roosevelt from A. Einstein with
                 Enclosure by Szilard (March 25, 1945) / 205 \\
                 103 Letter to President Truman (May 25, 1945) / 208 \\
                 104 Letter from E. Teller (July 2, 1945) / 208 \\
                 105 Letter to Group Leaders of the Metallurgical
                 Laboratory (July 4, 1945) / 209 \\
                 106 Reply by Group Leaders of the Metallurgical
                 Laboratory (July 13, 1945) / 210 \\
                 107 A Petition to the President of the United States
                 (July 17, 1945) / 211 \\
                 108 Letter to E. Creutz (July 10, 1945) / 212 \\
                 109 Letter to E. Wigner (July 7, 1945) / 213 \\
                 110 Letter to A. H. Compton (July 19, 1945) / 214 \\
                 111 Memorandum to Colonel K. D. Nichols from A. H.
                 Compton (July 24, 1945) / 214 \\
                 112 Letter to Matthew J. Connelly (August 17, 1945) /
                 215 \\
                 113 Cable from Matthew J. Connelly (August 25, 1945) /
                 216 \\
                 114 Letter from James S. Murray, Captain, Corps of
                 Engineers (August 27, 1945) / 216 \\
                 115 Letter from James S. Murray (August 28, 1945) / 219
                 \\
                 116 Letter to R. M. Hutchins (August 29, 1945) / 220
                 \\
                 117 Letter to Alfred W. Painter (August 11, 1945) / 230
                 \\
                 118 Proposed Petition to the President of the United
                 States (August 13, 1945) / 231 \\
                 119 Draft of a Platform for Conversations with Congress
                 (September 7, 1945) / 231 \\
                 120 Address to the Atomic Energy Control Conference,
                 University of Chicago (September 21, 1945) / 233 \\
                 121 Letter to William Benton (October 5, 1945) / 235
                 \\
                 122 Cable from William Benton to James B. Conant
                 (December 22, 1945) / 237",
  subject =      "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States;
                 Correspondence; Interviews; Biography",
  tableofcontents = "List of Documents / xi \\
                 Preface / xvii \\
                 Acknowledgments / xix \\
                 Note on the Text / xxi \\
                 Chapter I: You don't have to be much cleverer, you just
                 have to be one day earlier \\
                 Recollections / 3 \\
                 Documents through January 1939 / 22 \\
                 Chapter II: There was very little doubt in my mind that
                 the world was headed for grief \\
                 Recollections / 53 \\
                 Documents from December 1938 through July 1939 / 60 \\
                 Chapter III: Sir: Some recent work by E. Fermi and L.
                 Szilard \ldots{} leads me to expect \ldots{} Yours very
                 truly, A. Einstein \\
                 Recollections / 81 \\
                 Documents from April 1939 through December 1939 / 87
                 \\
                 Chapter IV: From that point on secrecy was on \\
                 Recollections / 115 \\
                 Documents from February 1940 through October 1940 / 118
                 \\
                 Chapter V: Somehow we did not seem to get the things
                 done which needed to be done \\
                 Recollections / 143 \\
                 Documents from December 1940 through February 1944 /
                 150 \\
                 Chapter VI: Some of us began to think about the wisdom
                 of testing bombs and using bombs \\
                 Recollections / 181 \\
                 Documents from August 1944 through August 1945 / 189
                 \\
                 Chapter VII: It was possible to tell people what we are
                 facing in this century \\
                 Recollections / 223 \\
                 Documents from August 1945 through December 1945 / 230
                 \\
                 Source Notes / 239 \\
                 Name Index / 241",
  xxtableofcontents = "Volume 1. Scientific papers \\
                 Volume 2. Leo Szilard, his version of the facts \\
                 Volume 3. Toward a livable world \\
                 Volume 1. Biographical notes \\
                 Thermodynamics \\
                 On the extension of phenomenological thermodynamics to
                 fluctuation phenomena \\
                 On the decrease of entropy in a thermodynamic system by
                 the intervention of intelligent beings \\
                 Experimental work on X-rays in crystals \\
                 Nuclear physics \\
                 Chemical separation of the radioactive element from its
                 bombarded isotope in the Fermi effect \\
                 Detection of neutrons liberated from beryllium by gamma
                 rays: a new technique for inducing radioactivity \\
                 Liberation of neutrons from beryllium by X-rays:
                 radioactivity induced by means of electron tubes \\
                 Radioactivity induced by neutrons \\
                 Absorption of residual neutrons \\
                 Radioactivity induced by nuclear excitation: excitation
                 by neutrons \\
                 Instantaneous emission of fast neutrons in the
                 interaction of slow neutrons with uranium \\
                 Neutron production and absorption in uranium \\
                 Emission of neutrons by uranium \\
                 Documents relating to the Manhattan Project \\
                 Creative intelligence and society: the case of atomic
                 research, the background in fundamental science \\
                 Szilard letter to Eugene P. Wigner \\
                 Szilard--Fermi correspondence, five letters (July 1939)
                 \\
                 Einstein letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt
                 (August 2, 1939) \\
                 Szilard memorandum attached to Albert Einstein's letter
                 to the President (August 15, 1939) \\
                 Szilard memorandum to Lyman J. Briggs (October 26,
                 1939) \\
                 Szilard letter to John T. Tate (February 6, 1940) with
                 initial version of ``Divergent chain reaction in
                 systems composed of uranium and carbon'' \\
                 Szilard letter to Gregory Breit (July 30, 1941) with
                 ``Background of the paper `Divergent chain reaction in
                 systems composed of uranium and carbon'\,'' \\
                 Declassified papers and reports \\
                 Divergent chain reaction in systems composed of uranium
                 and carbon \\
                 Preliminary report on inelastic collision of neutrons
                 in uranium and other heavy elements \\
                 Preliminary report on fission caused by fission
                 neutrons \\
                 Preliminary report on the capture of neutrons by
                 uranium in the energy region of photo neutrons from
                 radium-beryllium sources \\
                 Memorandum on the critical condition for a fast neutron
                 chain reaction inside a spherical shell of uranium
                 metal \\
                 Approximate boundary conditions for diffusion equation
                 at interface between two media \\
                 Preliminary comparison of radon-boron and Ra + Be
                 neutron sources \\
                 Neutron emission in fission of U238 \\
                 Inelastic scattering of fast neutrons \\
                 Inelastic scattering of Fe, Pb, and Bi \\
                 Use of threshold detectors for fast neutron studies \\
                 Preliminary report on the melting of uranium powder \\
                 On the cooling of the power plant \\
                 Examples for pressure drop calculations in parallel
                 flow helium cooling \\
                 A magnetic pump for liquid bismuth \\
                 Short memorandum on bismuth cooled power unit \\
                 Liquid metal cooled fast neutron breeder \\
                 Reproductions from notebooks \\
                 Clipping from New York times on issue of first nuclear
                 reactor patent (May 19, 1955) \\
                 Published papers in biology \\
                 Experiments on light-reactivation of ultra-violet
                 inactivated bacteria \\
                 Description of the chemostat \\
                 Experiments with the chemostat on spontaneous mutations
                 of bacteria \\
                 Virus strains of identical phenotype but different
                 genotype \\
                 Genetic mechanisms in bacteria and bacterial viruses:
                 experiments on spontaneous and chemically induced
                 mutations of bacteria growing in the chemostat \\
                 Anti-mutagens \\
                 Experiments with the chemostat on the rates of amino
                 acid synthesis in bacteria \\
                 A device for growing bacterial populations under steady
                 state conditions \\
                 On the nature of the aging process \\
                 A theory of aging \\
                 The control of the formation of specific proteins in
                 bacteria and in animal cells \\
                 the molecular basis of antibody formation \\
                 Dependence of the sex ratio at birth on the age of the
                 father \\
                 On memory and recall \\
                 Memorandum to Cass Canfield by William Doering and Leo
                 Szilard (January 11, 1957): a proposal to create two
                 interdependent research institutes operating in the
                 general area of public health designated as: `Research
                 Institute for Fundamental Biology and Public Health'
                 and `Institute for Problem Studies' \\
                 Patents, applications, and disclosures \\
                 Electrodynamic movement of fluid metals particularly
                 for refrigerating machines \\
                 Asynchronous and synchronous transformers for particles
                 \\
                 Transmutation of chemical elements \\
                 Improvements in or relating to the transmutation of
                 chemical elements \\
                 Apparatus for nuclear transmutation \\
                 Neutronic reactor \\
                 List of patents and disclosures \\
                 Correspondence relating to patents",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Asimov:1982:LSF
author: Isaac Asimov and J. O. Jeppson
booktitle: Laughing space: funny science fiction
title: Laughing space: funny science fiction
publisher: Houghton Mifflin
address: Boston, MA, USA
pages: xvi + 520
year: 1982
ISBN: 0-395-30519-5 OR 0395305195
ISBN13: 978-0-395-30519-5 OR 9780395305195
LCCN: PN6231.S42 L38
bibdate: Mon May 18 05:42:27 MDT 2015
bibsource: fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.18 05:42:27 MDT
abstract: An anthology of humorous science fiction in the form of stories, poems, and cartoons.
subject: American wit and humor; Pictorial; Science fiction, American
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawabstract: An anthology of humorous science fiction in the form of stories, poems, and cartoons.
rawauthor: Isaac Asimov and J. O. Jeppson
rawbooktitle: Laughing space: funny science fiction
rawtitle: Laughing space: funny science fiction
TOC:
Spaced Out / Russell Baker The Coffin Cure / Alan E. Nourse Silenzia / Alan Nelson The Agony of Defeat / Jack C. Haldeman The Snowball Effect / Katherine MacLean Pate de Foie Gras / Isaac Asimov The Available Data on the Worp Reaction / Lion Miller The Mathenauts / Norman Kagan Coffee Break / D. F. Jones Putzi / Ludwig Bemelmans All Things Come to Those Who Weight / Robert Grossbach Derm Fool / Theodore Sturgeon The Heart on the Other Side / George Gamow Blackmail / Fred Hoyle A Slight Miscalculation / Ben Bova A Subway Named Mobius / A. J. Deutsch A Sinister Metamorphosis / Russell Baker Something Up There Likes Me / Alfred Bester A Prize for Edie / J. F. Bone Jury / Rig / Avram Davidson Protection / Robert Sheckley The Self / priming Solid / state Electronic Chicken / Jon Lucas The Night He Cried / Fritz Leiber The Big Pat Boom / Damon Knight The Adventure of the Solitary Engineer / John M. Ford Report on Grand Central Terminal / Leo Szilard No Home / Like Place / Dian Girard They'll Do It Every Time / Cam Thornley Simworthy's Circus / Larry T. Shaw A Growing Concern / Arnie Bateman The Vilbar Party / Evelyn E. Smith A Pestilence of Psychoanalysts / Janet O. Jeppson Death Of A Foy / Isaac Asimov The Merchant of Stratford / Frank Ramirez The Wheel of Time / Robert Arthur Quit Zoomin' Those Hands Through the Air / Jack Finney The Adventure of the Global Traveler / Anne Lear Pebble in Time / Cynthia Goldstone and Avram Davidson Ahead of the Joneses / Al Sarrantonio The Pinch / Hitters / George Alec Effinger The Stunning Science Fiction Caper / Gerald Macdow I Claude / Charles Beaumont and Chad Oliver Out of Control / Raylyn Moore Slush / K. J. Snow Judo and the Art of Self / Government / Kevin O'Donnell, Jr. Lulu / Clifford D. Simak The Splendid Source / Richard Matheson MS. Found in a Chinese Fortune Cookie / C. M. Kornbluth The Several Murders of Roger Ackroyd / Barry N. Malzberg The Critique of Impure Reason / Poul Anderson One Rejection Too Many / Patricia Nurse Bug / Getter / Reginald Bretnor The Last Gothic / Jon L. Breen A Benefactor of Humanity / James T. Farrell The Silver Eggheads / Fritz Leiber Dry Spell / Bill Pronzini MS Fnd in a Lbry / Hal Draper

rawTOC:
Spaced Out / Russell Baker \\ The Coffin Cure / Alan E. Nourse \\ Silenzia / Alan Nelson \\ The Agony of Defeat / Jack C. Haldeman \\ The Snowball Effect / Katherine MacLean \\ Pate de Foie Gras / Isaac Asimov \\ The Available Data on the Worp Reaction / Lion Miller \\ The Mathenauts / Norman Kagan \\ Coffee Break / D. F. Jones \\ Putzi / Ludwig Bemelmans \\ All Things Come to Those Who Weight / Robert Grossbach \\ Derm Fool / Theodore Sturgeon \\ The Heart on the Other Side / George Gamow \\ Blackmail / Fred Hoyle \\ A Slight Miscalculation / Ben Bova \\ A Subway Named Mobius / A. J. Deutsch \\ A Sinister Metamorphosis / Russell Baker \\ Something Up There Likes Me / Alfred Bester \\ A Prize for Edie / J. F. Bone \\ Jury / Rig / Avram Davidson \\ Protection / Robert Sheckley \\ The Self / priming Solid / state Electronic Chicken / Jon Lucas \\ The Night He Cried / Fritz Leiber \\ The Big Pat Boom / Damon Knight \\ The Adventure of the Solitary Engineer / John M. Ford \\ Report on Grand Central Terminal / Leo Szilard \\ No Home / Like Place / Dian Girard \\ They'll Do It Every Time / Cam Thornley \\ Simworthy's Circus / Larry T. Shaw \\ A Growing Concern / Arnie Bateman \\ The Vilbar Party / Evelyn E. Smith \\ A Pestilence of Psychoanalysts / Janet O. Jeppson \\ Death Of A Foy / Isaac Asimov \\ The Merchant of Stratford / Frank Ramirez \\ The Wheel of Time / Robert Arthur \\ Quit Zoomin' Those Hands Through the Air / Jack Finney \\ The Adventure of the Global Traveler / Anne Lear \\ Pebble in Time / Cynthia Goldstone and Avram Davidson \\ Ahead of the Joneses / Al Sarrantonio \\ The Pinch / Hitters / George Alec Effinger \\ The Stunning Science Fiction Caper / Gerald Macdow \\ I Claude / Charles Beaumont and Chad Oliver \\ Out of Control / Raylyn Moore \\ Slush / K. J. Snow \\ Judo and the Art of Self / Government / Kevin O'Donnell, Jr. \\ Lulu / Clifford D. Simak \\ The Splendid Source / Richard Matheson \\ MS. Found in a Chinese Fortune Cookie / C. M. Kornbluth \\ The Several Murders of Roger Ackroyd / Barry N. Malzberg \\ The Critique of Impure Reason / Poul Anderson \\ One Rejection Too Many / Patricia Nurse \\ Bug / Getter / Reginald Bretnor \\ The Last Gothic / Jon L. Breen \\ A Benefactor of Humanity / James T. Farrell \\ The Silver Eggheads / Fritz Leiber \\ Dry Spell / Bill Pronzini \\ MS Fnd in a Lbry / Hal Draper

entry:
@Book{Asimov:1982:LSF,
  author =       "Isaac Asimov and J. O. Jeppson",
  booktitle =    "Laughing space: funny science fiction",
  title =        "Laughing space: funny science fiction",
  publisher =    "Houghton Mifflin",
  address =      "Boston, MA, USA",
  pages =        "xvi + 520",
  year =         "1982",
  ISBN =         "0-395-30519-5",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-395-30519-5",
  LCCN =         "PN6231.S42 L38",
  bibdate =      "Mon May 18 05:42:27 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib",
  abstract =     "An anthology of humorous science fiction in the form
                 of stories, poems, and cartoons.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "American wit and humor; Pictorial; Science fiction,
                 American",
  tableofcontents = "Spaced Out / Russell Baker \\
                 The Coffin Cure / Alan E. Nourse \\
                 Silenzia / Alan Nelson \\
                 The Agony of Defeat / Jack C. Haldeman \\
                 The Snowball Effect / Katherine MacLean \\
                 Pate de Foie Gras / Isaac Asimov \\
                 The Available Data on the Worp Reaction / Lion Miller
                 \\
                 The Mathenauts / Norman Kagan \\
                 Coffee Break / D. F. Jones \\
                 Putzi / Ludwig Bemelmans \\
                 All Things Come to Those Who Weight / Robert Grossbach
                 \\
                 Derm Fool / Theodore Sturgeon \\
                 The Heart on the Other Side / George Gamow \\
                 Blackmail / Fred Hoyle \\
                 A Slight Miscalculation / Ben Bova \\
                 A Subway Named Mobius / A. J. Deutsch \\
                 A Sinister Metamorphosis / Russell Baker \\
                 Something Up There Likes Me / Alfred Bester \\
                 A Prize for Edie / J. F. Bone \\
                 Jury / Rig / Avram Davidson \\
                 Protection / Robert Sheckley \\
                 The Self / priming Solid / state Electronic Chicken /
                 Jon Lucas \\
                 The Night He Cried / Fritz Leiber \\
                 The Big Pat Boom / Damon Knight \\
                 The Adventure of the Solitary Engineer / John M. Ford
                 \\
                 Report on Grand Central Terminal / Leo Szilard \\
                 No Home / Like Place / Dian Girard \\
                 They'll Do It Every Time / Cam Thornley \\
                 Simworthy's Circus / Larry T. Shaw \\
                 A Growing Concern / Arnie Bateman \\
                 The Vilbar Party / Evelyn E. Smith \\
                 A Pestilence of Psychoanalysts / Janet O. Jeppson \\
                 Death Of A Foy / Isaac Asimov \\
                 The Merchant of Stratford / Frank Ramirez \\
                 The Wheel of Time / Robert Arthur \\
                 Quit Zoomin' Those Hands Through the Air / Jack Finney
                 \\
                 The Adventure of the Global Traveler / Anne Lear \\
                 Pebble in Time / Cynthia Goldstone and Avram Davidson
                 \\
                 Ahead of the Joneses / Al Sarrantonio \\
                 The Pinch / Hitters / George Alec Effinger \\
                 The Stunning Science Fiction Caper / Gerald Macdow \\
                 I Claude / Charles Beaumont and Chad Oliver \\
                 Out of Control / Raylyn Moore \\
                 Slush / K. J. Snow \\
                 Judo and the Art of Self / Government / Kevin
                 O'Donnell, Jr. \\
                 Lulu / Clifford D. Simak \\
                 The Splendid Source / Richard Matheson \\
                 MS. Found in a Chinese Fortune Cookie / C. M. Kornbluth
                 \\
                 The Several Murders of Roger Ackroyd / Barry N.
                 Malzberg \\
                 The Critique of Impure Reason / Poul Anderson \\
                 One Rejection Too Many / Patricia Nurse \\
                 Bug / Getter / Reginald Bretnor \\
                 The Last Gothic / Jon L. Breen \\
                 A Benefactor of Humanity / James T. Farrell \\
                 The Silver Eggheads / Fritz Leiber \\
                 Dry Spell / Bill Pronzini \\
                 MS Fnd in a Lbry / Hal Draper",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Weart:1985:HP
editor: Spencer R. Weart and Melba Phillips
booktitle: History of physics
title: History of physics
volume: 2
publisher: pub-AIP
address: pub-AIP:adr
pages: 375
year: 1985
ISBN: 0-88318-468-0 (paperback) OR 0883184680 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-88318-468-4 (paperback) OR 9780883184684 (paperback)
LCCN: QC7 .H694 1985
bibdate: Tue Sep 4 18:34:44 MDT 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.09.04 18:34:44 MDT
series: Readings from booktitle Physics Today
subject: Physics; History; Sources
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: History of physics
raweditor: Spencer R. Weart and Melba Phillips
rawtitle: History of physics
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

TOC:
1 / CHAPTER 1: BEFORE OUR TIMES 2 / The prehistory of solid-state physics / Cyril Stanley Smith 12 / Franklin's Physics / John L. Heilbron 18 / A sketch for a history of early thermodynamics / E. Mendoza 25 / A sketch for a history of the kinetic theory of gases / E. Mendoza 29 / Rowland's physics / John D. Miller 36 / Michelson and his interferometer / Robert S. Shankland 42 / Poincare and cosmic evolution / Stephen G. Brush 50 / Steps toward the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram // David H. DeVorkin 59 / CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONS OF PHYSICS 61 / The roots of solid-state research at Bell Labs / Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson 68 / Some personal experiences in the international coordination of crystal diffractometry / P. P. Ewald 74 / The founding of the American Institute of Physics / Karl T. Compton 78 / The first fifty years of the AAPT / Melba Phillips 86 / The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory / Charles H. Holbrow 94 / The evolution of the Office of Naval Research / The Bird Dogs 101 / CHAPTER 3: SOCIAL CONTEXT 103 / Nagaoka to Rutherford, 22 February 1911 / Lawrence Badash 108 / American physics and the origins of electrical engineering / Robert Rosenberg 115 / Physics in the Great Depression / Charles Weiner 123 / Scientists with a secret / Spencer R. Weart 130 / Some thoughts on science in the Federal government / Edward U. Condon 138 / Fifty years of physics education / A. P. French 149 / Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious and out of place? / Vera Kistiakowsky 159 / The last fifty years --- A revolution? / Spencer R. Weart 171 / CHAPTER 4: BIOGRAPHY 173 / The two Ernests / Mark L. Oliphant 194 / Van Vleck and magnetism / Philip W. Anderson 198 / Alfred Lee Loomis --- last great amateur of science / Luis W. Alvarez 208 / Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium / Ferdinand G. Brickwedde 214 / Pyotr Kapitza, octogenarian dissident / Grace Marmor Spruch 221 / The young Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections / Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner 228 / Maria Goeppert Mayer --- two-fold pioneer / Robert G. Sachs 234 / Philip Morrison --- A profile / Anne Eisenberg 241 / CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS 243 / How I created the theory of relativity / Albert Einstein 246 / It might as well be spin / Samuel A. Goudsmit and George E. Uhlenbeck 255 / History of the cyclotron. Part I / M. Stanley Livingston 261 / History of the cyclotron. Part II / Edwin M. McMillan 272 / The discovery of fission / Otto R. Frisch and John A. Wheeler 282 / Physics at Columbia University / Enrico Fermi 287 / CHAPTER 6: PARTICLES AND QUANTA 289 / J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron / George P. Thomson 294 / Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work / Martin J. Klein 303 / J. J. Thomson and the Bohr atom / John L. Heilbron 310 / Sixty years of quantum physics / Edward U. Condon 319 / Heisenberg and the early days of quantum mechanics / Felix Bloch 324 / Electron diffraction: Fifty years ago / Richard K. Gehrenbeck 332 / 1932 --- Moving into the new physics / Charles Weiner 340 / The idea of the neutrino / Laurie M. Brown 346 / The birth of elementary-particle physics / Laurie M. Brown and Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson 354 / The discovery of electron tunneling into superconductors / Roland W. Schmitt 358 / The development of field theory in the last fifty years / Victor F. Weisskopf

rawTOC:
1 / CHAPTER 1: BEFORE OUR TIMES \\ 2 / The prehistory of solid-state physics / Cyril Stanley Smith \\ 12 / Franklin's Physics / John L. Heilbron \\ 18 / A sketch for a history of early thermodynamics / E. Mendoza \\ 25 / A sketch for a history of the kinetic theory of gases / E. Mendoza \\ 29 / Rowland's physics / John D. Miller \\ 36 / Michelson and his interferometer / Robert S. Shankland \\ 42 / Poincare and cosmic evolution / Stephen G. Brush \\ 50 / Steps toward the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram // David H. DeVorkin \\ 59 / CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONS OF PHYSICS \\ 61 / The roots of solid-state research at Bell Labs / Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\ 68 / Some personal experiences in the international coordination of crystal diffractometry / P. P. Ewald \\ 74 / The founding of the American Institute of Physics / Karl T. Compton \\ 78 / The first fifty years of the AAPT / Melba Phillips \\ 86 / The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation Laboratory / Charles H. Holbrow \\ 94 / The evolution of the Office of Naval Research / The Bird Dogs \\ 101 / CHAPTER 3: SOCIAL CONTEXT \\ 103 / Nagaoka to Rutherford, 22 February 1911 / Lawrence Badash \\ 108 / American physics and the origins of electrical engineering / Robert Rosenberg \\ 115 / Physics in the Great Depression / Charles Weiner \\ 123 / Scientists with a secret / Spencer R. Weart \\ 130 / Some thoughts on science in the Federal government / Edward U. Condon \\ 138 / Fifty years of physics education / A. P. French \\ 149 / Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious and out of place? / Vera Kistiakowsky \\ 159 / The last fifty years --- A revolution? / Spencer R. Weart \\ 171 / CHAPTER 4: BIOGRAPHY \\ 173 / The two Ernests / Mark L. Oliphant \\ 194 / Van Vleck and magnetism / Philip W. Anderson \\ 198 / Alfred Lee Loomis --- last great amateur of science / Luis W. Alvarez \\ 208 / Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium / Ferdinand G. Brickwedde \\ 214 / Pyotr Kapitza, octogenarian dissident / Grace Marmor Spruch \\ 221 / The young Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections / Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner \\ 228 / Maria Goeppert Mayer --- two-fold pioneer / Robert G. Sachs \\ 234 / Philip Morrison --- A profile / Anne Eisenberg \\ 241 / CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS \\ 243 / How I created the theory of relativity / Albert Einstein \\ 246 / It might as well be spin / Samuel A. Goudsmit and George E. Uhlenbeck \\ 255 / History of the cyclotron. Part I / M. Stanley Livingston \\ 261 / History of the cyclotron. Part II / Edwin M. McMillan \\ 272 / The discovery of fission / Otto R. Frisch and John A. Wheeler \\ 282 / Physics at Columbia University / Enrico Fermi \\ 287 / CHAPTER 6: PARTICLES AND QUANTA \\ 289 / J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron / George P. Thomson \\ 294 / Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work / Martin J. Klein \\ 303 / J. J. Thomson and the Bohr atom / John L. Heilbron \\ 310 / Sixty years of quantum physics / Edward U. Condon \\ 319 / Heisenberg and the early days of quantum mechanics / Felix Bloch \\ 324 / Electron diffraction: Fifty years ago / Richard K. Gehrenbeck \\ 332 / 1932 --- Moving into the new physics / Charles Weiner \\ 340 / The idea of the neutrino / Laurie M. Brown \\ \\ 346 / The birth of elementary-particle physics / Laurie M. Brown and Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\ 354 / The discovery of electron tunneling into superconductors / Roland W. Schmitt \\ 358 / The development of field theory in the last fifty years / Victor F. Weisskopf

entry:
@Book{Weart:1985:HP,
  editor =       "Spencer R. Weart and Melba Phillips",
  booktitle =    "History of physics",
  title =        "History of physics",
  volume =       "2",
  publisher =    pub-AIP,
  address =      pub-AIP:adr,
  pages =        "375",
  year =         "1985",
  ISBN =         "0-88318-468-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-88318-468-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC7 .H694 1985",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 4 18:34:44 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/slater-john-clarke.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Readings from \booktitle{Physics Today}",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Physics; History; Sources",
  tableofcontents = "1 / CHAPTER 1: BEFORE OUR TIMES \\
                 2 / The prehistory of solid-state physics / Cyril
                 Stanley Smith \\
                 12 / Franklin's Physics / John L. Heilbron \\
                 18 / A sketch for a history of early thermodynamics /
                 E. Mendoza \\
                 25 / A sketch for a history of the kinetic theory of
                 gases / E. Mendoza \\
                 29 / Rowland's physics / John D. Miller \\
                 36 / Michelson and his interferometer / Robert S.
                 Shankland \\
                 42 / Poincare and cosmic evolution / Stephen G. Brush
                 \\
                 50 / Steps toward the Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram //
                 David H. DeVorkin \\
                 59 / CHAPTER 2: INSTITUTIONS OF PHYSICS \\
                 61 / The roots of solid-state research at Bell Labs /
                 Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\
                 68 / Some personal experiences in the international
                 coordination of crystal diffractometry / P. P. Ewald
                 \\
                 74 / The founding of the American Institute of Physics
                 / Karl T. Compton \\
                 78 / The first fifty years of the AAPT / Melba Phillips
                 \\
                 86 / The giant cancer tube and the Kellogg Radiation
                 Laboratory / Charles H. Holbrow \\
                 94 / The evolution of the Office of Naval Research /
                 The Bird Dogs \\
                 101 / CHAPTER 3: SOCIAL CONTEXT \\
                 103 / Nagaoka to Rutherford, 22 February 1911 /
                 Lawrence Badash \\
                 108 / American physics and the origins of electrical
                 engineering / Robert Rosenberg \\
                 115 / Physics in the Great Depression / Charles Weiner
                 \\
                 123 / Scientists with a secret / Spencer R. Weart \\
                 130 / Some thoughts on science in the Federal
                 government / Edward U. Condon \\
                 138 / Fifty years of physics education / A. P. French
                 \\
                 149 / Women in physics: unnecessary, injurious and out
                 of place? / Vera Kistiakowsky \\
                 159 / The last fifty years --- A revolution? / Spencer
                 R. Weart \\
                 171 / CHAPTER 4: BIOGRAPHY \\
                 173 / The two Ernests / Mark L. Oliphant \\
                 194 / Van Vleck and magnetism / Philip W. Anderson \\
                 198 / Alfred Lee Loomis --- last great amateur of
                 science / Luis W. Alvarez \\
                 208 / Harold Urey and the discovery of deuterium /
                 Ferdinand G. Brickwedde \\
                 214 / Pyotr Kapitza, octogenarian dissident / Grace
                 Marmor Spruch \\
                 221 / The young Oppenheimer: Letters and recollections
                 / Alice Kimball Smith and Charles Weiner \\
                 228 / Maria Goeppert Mayer --- two-fold pioneer /
                 Robert G. Sachs \\
                 234 / Philip Morrison --- A profile / Anne Eisenberg
                 \\
                 241 / CHAPTER 5: PERSONAL ACCOUNTS \\
                 243 / How I created the theory of relativity / Albert
                 Einstein \\
                 246 / It might as well be spin / Samuel A. Goudsmit and
                 George E. Uhlenbeck \\
                 255 / History of the cyclotron. Part I / M. Stanley
                 Livingston \\
                 261 / History of the cyclotron. Part II / Edwin M.
                 McMillan \\
                 272 / The discovery of fission / Otto R. Frisch and
                 John A. Wheeler \\
                 282 / Physics at Columbia University / Enrico Fermi \\
                 287 / CHAPTER 6: PARTICLES AND QUANTA \\
                 289 / J. J. Thomson and the discovery of the electron /
                 George P. Thomson \\
                 294 / Thermodynamics and quanta in Planck's work /
                 Martin J. Klein \\
                 303 / J. J. Thomson and the Bohr atom / John L.
                 Heilbron \\
                 310 / Sixty years of quantum physics / Edward U. Condon
                 \\
                 319 / Heisenberg and the early days of quantum
                 mechanics / Felix Bloch \\
                 324 / Electron diffraction: Fifty years ago / Richard
                 K. Gehrenbeck \\
                 332 / 1932 --- Moving into the new physics / Charles
                 Weiner \\
                 340 / The idea of the neutrino / Laurie M. Brown \\ \\
                 346 / The birth of elementary-particle physics / Laurie
                 M. Brown and Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson \\
                 354 / The discovery of electron tunneling into
                 superconductors / Roland W. Schmitt \\
                 358 / The development of field theory in the last fifty
                 years / Victor F. Weisskopf",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Hawkins:1987:TLW
author: Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb and Gertrud Weiss Szilard
booktitle: Toward a livable world: Leo Szilard and the crusade for nuclear arms control
title: Toward a livable world: Leo Szilard and the crusade for nuclear arms control
volume: 3
publisher: pub-MIT
address: pub-MIT:adr
pages: lxxiv + 499
year: 1987
ISBN: 0-262-19260-8, 0-262-08162-8 OR 0262192608, 0262081628
ISBN13: 978-0-262-19260-6, 978-0-262-08162-7 OR 9780262192606, 9780262081627
LCCN: QC3 .S97 vol. 3
bibdate: Thu Mar 29 18:56:51 MDT 2007
bibtimestamp: 2007.03.29 18:56:51 MDT
series: Collected works of Leo Szilard
subject: Nuclear disarmament; History; Nuclear nonproliferation; Szilard, Leo
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb and Gertrud Weiss Szilard
rawbooktitle: Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade for nuclear arms control
rawtitle: Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade for nuclear arms control
bibsource:
http://alsos.wlu.edu/; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

abstract:
This book, the third and final volume of the collected works of physicist Leo Szilard, concerns his forceful advocacy of nuclear arms control and world peace. Szilard, who drafted Einstein's famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and participated in the Manhattan Project, also became one of the earliest advocates of nuclear arms control. The book is organized in seven parts starting with Szilard's first public advocacy of arms control in 1947 until his death in 1964. Each section has a general introduction and is followed by documents, such as letters and articles, written by Szilard on arms control issues. One section is devoted to Szilard's contacts with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev; another details his founding of and work on The Council for a Livable World. The book also contains a comprehensive introduction by Barton Bernstein covering Szilard's life between 1945 and 1964. It provides excellent primary source material on an important leader in the arms control and world peace movements.

TOC:
Foreword by Norman Cousins / xi Preface and Acknowledgments / xv Introduction by Barton J. Bernstein / xvii I Calling for a Crusade / 1 1 ``Calling for a Crusade'' (April--May 1947) / 7 2 Proposal for a Platform for the Atomic Scientists' Movement, Princeton, New Jersey (November 28--30, 1947) / 21 3 ``Letter to Stalin'' with ``Comment to the Editors'' (December 1947) / 26 4 Letter to Robert M. Hutchins (April 26, 1948) / 35 5 Draft of a Memorandum on World Government (February 21, 1949) / 38 6 ``Notes to Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War'' (September 20, 1949) / 41 II Nuclear Escalation / 45 7 ``The Atlantic Community Faces the Bomb'' (Radio Discussion, September 25, 1949) / 51 8 ``Can We Have International Control of Atomic Energy?'' (January 1950) / 64 9 Draft of a Proposed Letter to Scientists (November 9, 1949) / 76 10 Draft of an Article Concerning the Hydrogen Bomb (February 1, 1950) / 79 11 ``The Facts about the Hydrogen Bomb'' (Radio Discussion, February 26, 1950) / 80 12 Letter to the Editor of the New York Herald Tribune (March 2, 1950) / 90 13 Letter to Albert Einstein (February 24, 1950) / 93 14 ``Memorandum on `Citizens' Committee'' (March 27, 1950) / 95 15 Draft of a Letter to the Secretary of State (September 8, 1950) / 103 16 ``A Letter in the Open'' (Draft of an Article, August 31, 1950) / 105 17 ``Security and Arms Control'' (Radio Discussion, July 16, 1950) / 114 18 Draft of ``Negotiations from Strength'' (May 29, 1953) / 124 19 ``Shall We Speak Up Now?'' (October 28, 1953) / 125 20 ``Notes'' (October 30, 1953) / 127 21 Draft of a Statement (1954) / 129 22 Excerpts from a Letter to Edward Shils (July 24, 1954) / 130 23 Letter to the Editor of The New York Times (February 2, 1955) / 132 24 Letter from Albert Einstein to Prime Minister Nehru with Accompanying Letter from Leo Szilard (April 6, 1955) / 135 25 Memorandum to H. C. Urey (April 28, 1955) / 137 26 Letter to Senator Hubert Humphrey (August 2, 1955) / 139 27 Draft of a Letter to Lev Landau (December 1, 1955) / 141 28 Draft of a Note (Summer 1956) / 144 29 Draft of a Letter to the Editor of The New York Times (Summer 1956) / 145 30 Letter to Archibald Alexander (September 12, 1956) / 148 III The Early Pugwash Period / 151 31 Letter to Lord Bertrand Russell (May 23, 1957) / 157 32 Draft of a Letter to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 15, 1957) 159 33 Excerpt from ``This Version of the Facts'' / 166 34 ``Proposal Concerning a Statement That Might Be Issued to the Press at the Conclusion of the Conference'' (July 7, 1957) / 170 35 ``Statement by Leo Szilard'' (July 10, 1957) / 172 36 ``Memorandum Based on a Meeting Held on the Initiative of Bertrand Russell at Pugwash, Nova Scotia'' (July 22, 1957) / 175 37 Letter to A. V. Topchiev (July 31, 1957) / 187 38 Letter to Joseph Rotblat (December 3, 1957) / 189 39 Letter to the Editor of The Times of London (March 17, 1958) / 191 40 Statement Made at the Second Pugwash Conference, Lac Beauport (April 1, 1958) / 194 41 Memorandum, Lac Beauport (April 6, 1958) / 196 42 Remarks, Lac Beauport (April 8, 1958) / 199 IV The Year in New York / 201 43 ``How to Live with the Bomb and Survive: The Possibility of a Pax Russo--Americana in the Long-Range Rocket Stage of the So-Called Atomic Stalemate'' (February 1960) / 207 44 Excerpts from the Transcript of the Szilard--Teller Debate, ``The Nation's Future'' (NBC Television Program, November 12, 1960) / 238 V Contacts with Khrushchev / 251 45 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 6, 1959) / 263 46 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (June 27, 1960) / 264 47 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (August 16, 1960) / 268 48 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev (August 30, 1960) / 269 49 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 12, 1960) / 270 50 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev during His Visit to New York (September 30, 1960) / 272 51 ``Conversation with K on October 5, 1960'' (Recorded October 9, 1960) / 279 52 Letter to President Eisenhower (October 13, 1960) / 288 53 Letter from Secretary of State Christian A. Herter (November 10, 1960) / 290 54 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 24, 1960) / 291 55 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 2, 1960) / 293 56 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 20, 1960) / 294 57 Letter to President Kennedy (May 19, 1961) / 295 58 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 20, 1961) / 296 59 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 4, 1961) / 297 60 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 9, 1962) / 300 61 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev (November 4, 1962) / 305 62 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 15, 1962) / 307 63 Memorandum to N. S. Khrushchev (November 19, 1962) / 309 64 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 25, 1962) / 310 65 ``Instructions That May Be Given to the Participants of a Proposed Study Concerning the Issue of How to Secure the Peace in a Disarmed World'' (November 25, 1962) / 312 66 Confidential Memorandum (January 8, 1963) / 314 67 ``Tentative `Instructions' to the Participants of the `Arms Control' (`Angels') Project'' (January 11, 1963) / 318 68 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev with Appendix and Memorandum (July 15, 1963) / 321 69 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (July 31, 1963) / 327 70 Soviet Reply to Letter of July 15, 1963 (Undated) / 328 VI The Washington Years: Arms Control Efforts / 331 71 Excerpt from a Television Interview with Mike Wallace (February 27, 1961) / 337 72 Letter to President Kennedy with Copies of a Memorandum to Members of the National Academy and of a Proposed Petition (May 10, 1961) / 341 73 Letter to President Kennedy (June 6, 1961) / 346 74 ``On Disarmament'' (August 14, 1961) / 347 75 Statement on Fallout Shelters (September 19, 1961) / 374 76 Memorandum and Draft Proposal for a National Society of Fellows (September 25, 1961) / 375 77 Letter to John J. McCloy, US Disarmament Administration (October 6, 1961) / 379 78 Excerpts from the Transcripts of the Teller--Szilard Debates on ``Camera Three'' (CBS Television Program, June 3 and 10, 1962) / 381 79 Memorandum (May 28, 1963) and Proposal (May 31, 1963) / 398 80 Statement Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the US Senate (August 23, 1963) / 404 81 Draft of a Statement about Edward Teller (August 23, 1963) / 405 82 ```Minimal Deterrent' vs. Saturation Parity'' (March 1964) / 407 VII The Washington Years: The Council for a Livable World / 423 83 ``Are We on the Road to War?'' (April 1962) / 427 84 Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to War?'' / 446 85 Special Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to War?'' for Los Angeles Area Readers (January 18, 1962) / 447 86 Letter to Colleagues with ``Responses to Date'' and ``The Next Step'' Enclosures (February 28, 1962) / 448 87 Council Mailing with a Letter to Prospective Members (June 11, 1962) / 456 88 ``A Plea to Abolish War'' (New York Herald Tribune, July 13, 1962) / 473 89 Letter to the Editor of Newsweek (September 10, 1962) / 475 90 Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post (October 21, 1962) / 476 91 Excerpt from a Draft Memorandum on the Cuban Missile Crisis (Undated) / 478 92 Letter (Progress Report) to Council Members (March 25, 1963) / 480 93 Letter to the Editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (April 1963) / 483 Bibliography of Nonscientific Works of Leo Szilard / 485 Index / 489

rawabstract:
This book, the third and final volume of the collected works of physicist Leo Szilard, concerns his forceful advocacy of nuclear arms control and world peace. Szilard, who drafted Einstein's famous letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and participated in the Manhattan Project, also became one of the earliest advocates of nuclear arms control. The book is organized in seven parts starting with Szilard's first public advocacy of arms control in 1947 until his death in 1964. Each section has a general introduction and is followed by documents, such as letters and articles, written by Szilard on arms control issues. One section is devoted to Szilard's contacts with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev; another details his founding of and work on The Council for a Livable World. The book also contains a comprehensive introduction by Barton Bernstein covering Szilard's life between 1945 and 1964. It provides excellent primary source material on an important leader in the arms control and world peace movements.

rawTOC:
Foreword by Norman Cousins / xi \\ Preface and Acknowledgments / xv \\ Introduction by Barton J. Bernstein / xvii \\ I Calling for a Crusade / 1 \\ 1 ``Calling for a Crusade'' (April--May 1947) / 7 \\ 2 Proposal for a Platform for the Atomic Scientists' Movement, Princeton, New Jersey (November 28--30, 1947) / 21 \\ 3 ``Letter to Stalin'' with ``Comment to the Editors'' (December 1947) / 26 \\ 4 Letter to Robert M. Hutchins (April 26, 1948) / 35 \\ 5 Draft of a Memorandum on World Government (February 21, 1949) / 38 \\ 6 ``Notes to Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War'' (September 20, 1949) / 41 \\ II Nuclear Escalation / 45 \\ 7 ``The Atlantic Community Faces the Bomb'' (Radio Discussion, September 25, 1949) / 51 \\ 8 ``Can We Have International Control of Atomic Energy?'' (January 1950) / 64 \\ 9 Draft of a Proposed Letter to Scientists (November 9, 1949) / 76 \\ 10 Draft of an Article Concerning the Hydrogen Bomb (February 1, 1950) / 79 \\ 11 ``The Facts about the Hydrogen Bomb'' (Radio Discussion, February 26, 1950) / 80 \\ 12 Letter to the Editor of the New York Herald Tribune (March 2, 1950) / 90 \\ 13 Letter to Albert Einstein (February 24, 1950) / 93 \\ 14 ``Memorandum on `Citizens' Committee'' (March 27, 1950) / 95 \\ 15 Draft of a Letter to the Secretary of State (September 8, 1950) / 103 \\ 16 ``A Letter in the Open'' (Draft of an Article, August 31, 1950) / 105 \\ 17 ``Security and Arms Control'' (Radio Discussion, July 16, 1950) / 114 \\ 18 Draft of ``Negotiations from Strength'' (May 29, 1953) / 124 \\ 19 ``Shall We Speak Up Now?'' (October 28, 1953) / 125 \\ 20 ``Notes'' (October 30, 1953) / 127 \\ 21 Draft of a Statement (1954) / 129 \\ 22 Excerpts from a Letter to Edward Shils (July 24, 1954) / 130 \\ 23 Letter to the Editor of The New York Times (February 2, 1955) / 132 \\ 24 Letter from Albert Einstein to Prime Minister Nehru with Accompanying Letter from Leo Szilard (April 6, 1955) / 135 \\ 25 Memorandum to H. C. Urey (April 28, 1955) / 137 \\ 26 Letter to Senator Hubert Humphrey (August 2, 1955) / 139 \\ 27 Draft of a Letter to Lev Landau (December 1, 1955) / 141 \\ 28 Draft of a Note (Summer 1956) / 144 \\ 29 Draft of a Letter to the Editor of The New York Times (Summer 1956) / 145 \\ 30 Letter to Archibald Alexander (September 12, 1956) / 148 \\ III The Early Pugwash Period / 151 \\ 31 Letter to Lord Bertrand Russell (May 23, 1957) / 157 \\ 32 Draft of a Letter to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 15, 1957) 159 \\ 33 Excerpt from ``This Version of the Facts'' / 166 \\ 34 ``Proposal Concerning a Statement That Might Be Issued to the Press at the Conclusion of the Conference'' (July 7, 1957) / 170 \\ 35 ``Statement by Leo Szilard'' (July 10, 1957) / 172 \\ 36 ``Memorandum Based on a Meeting Held on the Initiative of Bertrand Russell at Pugwash, Nova Scotia'' (July 22, 1957) / 175 \\ 37 Letter to A. V. Topchiev (July 31, 1957) / 187 \\ 38 Letter to Joseph Rotblat (December 3, 1957) / 189 \\ 39 Letter to the Editor of The Times of London (March 17, 1958) / 191 \\ 40 Statement Made at the Second Pugwash Conference, Lac Beauport (April 1, 1958) / 194 \\ 41 Memorandum, Lac Beauport (April 6, 1958) / 196 \\ 42 Remarks, Lac Beauport (April 8, 1958) / 199 \\ IV The Year in New York / 201 \\ 43 ``How to Live with the Bomb and Survive: The Possibility of a Pax Russo--Americana in the Long-Range Rocket Stage of the So-Called Atomic Stalemate'' (February 1960) / 207 \\ 44 Excerpts from the Transcript of the Szilard--Teller Debate, ``The Nation's Future'' (NBC Television Program, November 12, 1960) / 238 \\ V Contacts with Khrushchev / 251 \\ 45 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 6, 1959) / 263 \\ 46 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (June 27, 1960) / 264 \\ 47 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (August 16, 1960) / 268 \\ 48 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev (August 30, 1960) / 269 \\ 49 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 12, 1960) / 270 \\ 50 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev during His Visit to New York (September 30, 1960) / 272 \\ 51 ``Conversation with K on October 5, 1960'' (Recorded October 9, 1960) / 279 \\ 52 Letter to President Eisenhower (October 13, 1960) / 288 \\ 53 Letter from Secretary of State Christian A. Herter (November 10, 1960) / 290 \\ 54 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 24, 1960) / 291 \\ 55 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 2, 1960) / 293 \\ 56 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 20, 1960) / 294 \\ 57 Letter to President Kennedy (May 19, 1961) / 295 \\ 58 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 20, 1961) / 296 \\ 59 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 4, 1961) / 297 \\ 60 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 9, 1962) / 300 \\ 61 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev (November 4, 1962) / 305 \\ 62 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 15, 1962) / 307 \\ 63 Memorandum to N. S. Khrushchev (November 19, 1962) / 309 \\ 64 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 25, 1962) / 310 \\ 65 ``Instructions That May Be Given to the Participants of a Proposed Study Concerning the Issue of How to Secure the Peace in a Disarmed World'' (November 25, 1962) / 312 \\ 66 Confidential Memorandum (January 8, 1963) / 314 \\ 67 ``Tentative `Instructions' to the Participants of the `Arms Control' (`Angels') Project'' (January 11, 1963) / 318 \\ 68 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev with Appendix and Memorandum (July 15, 1963) / 321 \\ 69 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (July 31, 1963) / 327 \\ 70 Soviet Reply to Letter of July 15, 1963 (Undated) / 328 \\ VI The Washington Years: Arms Control Efforts / 331 \\ 71 Excerpt from a Television Interview with Mike Wallace (February 27, 1961) / 337 \\ 72 Letter to President Kennedy with Copies of a Memorandum to Members of the National Academy and of a Proposed Petition (May 10, 1961) / 341 \\ 73 Letter to President Kennedy (June 6, 1961) / 346 \\ 74 ``On Disarmament'' (August 14, 1961) / 347 \\ 75 Statement on Fallout Shelters (September 19, 1961) / 374 \\ 76 Memorandum and Draft Proposal for a National Society of Fellows (September 25, 1961) / 375 \\ 77 Letter to John J. McCloy, US Disarmament Administration (October 6, 1961) / 379 \\ 78 Excerpts from the Transcripts of the Teller--Szilard Debates on ``Camera Three'' (CBS Television Program, June 3 and 10, 1962) / 381 \\ 79 Memorandum (May 28, 1963) and Proposal (May 31, 1963) / 398 \\ 80 Statement Submitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the US Senate (August 23, 1963) / 404 \\ 81 Draft of a Statement about Edward Teller (August 23, 1963) / 405 \\ 82 ```Minimal Deterrent' vs. Saturation Parity'' (March 1964) / 407 \\ VII The Washington Years: The Council for a Livable World / 423 \\ 83 ``Are We on the Road to War?'' (April 1962) / 427 \\ 84 Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to War?'' / 446 \\ 85 Special Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to War?'' for Los Angeles Area Readers (January 18, 1962) / 447 \\ 86 Letter to Colleagues with ``Responses to Date'' and ``The Next Step'' Enclosures (February 28, 1962) / 448 \\ 87 Council Mailing with a Letter to Prospective Members (June 11, 1962) / 456 \\ 88 ``A Plea to Abolish War'' (New York Herald Tribune, July 13, 1962) / 473 \\ 89 Letter to the Editor of Newsweek (September 10, 1962) / 475 \\ 90 Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post (October 21, 1962) / 476 \\ 91 Excerpt from a Draft Memorandum on the Cuban Missile Crisis (Undated) / 478 \\ 92 Letter (Progress Report) to Council Members (March 25, 1963) / 480 \\ 93 Letter to the Editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (April 1963) / 483 \\ Bibliography of Nonscientific Works of Leo Szilard / 485 \\ Index / 489

entry:
@Book{Hawkins:1987:TLW,
  author =       "Helen S. Hawkins and G. Allen Greb and Gertrud Weiss
                 Szilard",
  booktitle =    "Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade
                 for nuclear arms control",
  title =        "Toward a livable world: {Leo Szilard} and the crusade
                 for nuclear arms control",
  volume =       "3",
  publisher =    pub-MIT,
  address =      pub-MIT:adr,
  pages =        "lxxiv + 499",
  year =         "1987",
  ISBN =         "0-262-19260-8, 0-262-08162-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-262-19260-6, 978-0-262-08162-7",
  LCCN =         "QC3 .S97 vol. 3",
  bibdate =      "Thu Mar 29 18:56:51 MDT 2007",
  bibsource =    "http://alsos.wlu.edu/;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Collected works of Leo Szilard",
  abstract =     "This book, the third and final volume of the collected
                 works of physicist Leo Szilard, concerns his forceful
                 advocacy of nuclear arms control and world peace.
                 Szilard, who drafted Einstein's famous letter to
                 President Franklin D. Roosevelt and participated in the
                 Manhattan Project, also became one of the earliest
                 advocates of nuclear arms control. The book is
                 organized in seven parts starting with Szilard's first
                 public advocacy of arms control in 1947 until his death
                 in 1964. Each section has a general introduction and is
                 followed by documents, such as letters and articles,
                 written by Szilard on arms control issues. One section
                 is devoted to Szilard's contacts with Soviet leader
                 Nikita Khrushchev; another details his founding of and
                 work on The Council for a Livable World. The book also
                 contains a comprehensive introduction by Barton
                 Bernstein covering Szilard's life between 1945 and
                 1964. It provides excellent primary source material on
                 an important leader in the arms control and world peace
                 movements.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark-1 =     "Szilard was the first scientist to figure out how an
                 atomic bomb could work.",
  remark-2 =     "From page 196: ``The main aim of the scientist is to
                 clarify. The main aim of the politician is to
                 persuade.''",
  subject =      "Nuclear disarmament; History; Nuclear
                 nonproliferation; Szilard, Leo",
  tableofcontents = "Foreword by Norman Cousins / xi \\
                 Preface and Acknowledgments / xv \\
                 Introduction by Barton J. Bernstein / xvii \\
                 I Calling for a Crusade / 1 \\
                 1 ``Calling for a Crusade'' (April--May 1947) / 7 \\
                 2 Proposal for a Platform for the Atomic Scientists'
                 Movement, Princeton, New Jersey (November 28--30, 1947)
                 / 21 \\
                 3 ``Letter to Stalin'' with ``Comment to the Editors''
                 (December 1947) / 26 \\
                 4 Letter to Robert M. Hutchins (April 26, 1948) / 35
                 \\
                 5 Draft of a Memorandum on World Government (February
                 21, 1949) / 38 \\
                 6 ``Notes to Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian
                 War'' (September 20, 1949) / 41 \\
                 II Nuclear Escalation / 45 \\
                 7 ``The Atlantic Community Faces the Bomb'' (Radio
                 Discussion, September 25, 1949) / 51 \\
                 8 ``Can We Have International Control of Atomic
                 Energy?'' (January 1950) / 64 \\
                 9 Draft of a Proposed Letter to Scientists (November 9,
                 1949) / 76 \\
                 10 Draft of an Article Concerning the Hydrogen Bomb
                 (February 1, 1950) / 79 \\
                 11 ``The Facts about the Hydrogen Bomb'' (Radio
                 Discussion, February 26, 1950) / 80 \\
                 12 Letter to the Editor of the New York Herald Tribune
                 (March 2, 1950) / 90 \\
                 13 Letter to Albert Einstein (February 24, 1950) / 93
                 \\
                 14 ``Memorandum on `Citizens' Committee'' (March 27,
                 1950) / 95 \\
                 15 Draft of a Letter to the Secretary of State
                 (September 8, 1950) / 103 \\
                 16 ``A Letter in the Open'' (Draft of an Article,
                 August 31, 1950) / 105 \\
                 17 ``Security and Arms Control'' (Radio Discussion,
                 July 16, 1950) / 114 \\
                 18 Draft of ``Negotiations from Strength'' (May 29,
                 1953) / 124 \\
                 19 ``Shall We Speak Up Now?'' (October 28, 1953) / 125
                 \\
                 20 ``Notes'' (October 30, 1953) / 127 \\
                 21 Draft of a Statement (1954) / 129 \\
                 22 Excerpts from a Letter to Edward Shils (July 24,
                 1954) / 130 \\
                 23 Letter to the Editor of The New York Times (February
                 2, 1955) / 132 \\
                 24 Letter from Albert Einstein to Prime Minister Nehru
                 with Accompanying Letter from Leo Szilard (April 6,
                 1955) / 135 \\
                 25 Memorandum to H. C. Urey (April 28, 1955) / 137 \\
                 26 Letter to Senator Hubert Humphrey (August 2, 1955) /
                 139 \\
                 27 Draft of a Letter to Lev Landau (December 1, 1955) /
                 141 \\
                 28 Draft of a Note (Summer 1956) / 144 \\
                 29 Draft of a Letter to the Editor of The New York
                 Times (Summer 1956) / 145 \\
                 30 Letter to Archibald Alexander (September 12, 1956) /
                 148 \\
                 III The Early Pugwash Period / 151 \\
                 31 Letter to Lord Bertrand Russell (May 23, 1957) / 157
                 \\
                 32 Draft of a Letter to the Bulletin of the Atomic
                 Scientists (August 15, 1957) 159 \\
                 33 Excerpt from ``This Version of the Facts'' / 166 \\
                 34 ``Proposal Concerning a Statement That Might Be
                 Issued to the Press at the Conclusion of the
                 Conference'' (July 7, 1957) / 170 \\
                 35 ``Statement by Leo Szilard'' (July 10, 1957) / 172
                 \\
                 36 ``Memorandum Based on a Meeting Held on the
                 Initiative of Bertrand Russell at Pugwash, Nova
                 Scotia'' (July 22, 1957) / 175 \\
                 37 Letter to A. V. Topchiev (July 31, 1957) / 187 \\
                 38 Letter to Joseph Rotblat (December 3, 1957) / 189
                 \\
                 39 Letter to the Editor of The Times of London (March
                 17, 1958) / 191 \\
                 40 Statement Made at the Second Pugwash Conference, Lac
                 Beauport (April 1, 1958) / 194 \\
                 41 Memorandum, Lac Beauport (April 6, 1958) / 196 \\
                 42 Remarks, Lac Beauport (April 8, 1958) / 199 \\
                 IV The Year in New York / 201 \\
                 43 ``How to Live with the Bomb and Survive: The
                 Possibility of a Pax Russo--Americana in the Long-Range
                 Rocket Stage of the So-Called Atomic Stalemate''
                 (February 1960) / 207 \\
                 44 Excerpts from the Transcript of the Szilard--Teller
                 Debate, ``The Nation's Future'' (NBC Television
                 Program, November 12, 1960) / 238 \\
                 V Contacts with Khrushchev / 251 \\
                 45 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 6, 1959) / 263
                 \\
                 46 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (June 27, 1960) / 264 \\
                 47 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (August 16, 1960) / 268
                 \\
                 48 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev
                 (August 30, 1960) / 269 \\
                 49 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 12, 1960) /
                 270 \\
                 50 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev during His Visit to New
                 York (September 30, 1960) / 272 \\
                 51 ``Conversation with K on October 5, 1960'' (Recorded
                 October 9, 1960) / 279 \\
                 52 Letter to President Eisenhower (October 13, 1960) /
                 288 \\
                 53 Letter from Secretary of State Christian A. Herter
                 (November 10, 1960) / 290 \\
                 54 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 24, 1960) / 291
                 \\
                 55 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 2, 1960) / 293
                 \\
                 56 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (December 20, 1960) / 294
                 \\
                 57 Letter to President Kennedy (May 19, 1961) / 295 \\
                 58 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (September 20, 1961) /
                 296 \\
                 59 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 4, 1961) / 297
                 \\
                 60 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (October 9, 1962) / 300
                 \\
                 61 Translation of a Letter from N. S. Khrushchev
                 (November 4, 1962) / 305 \\
                 62 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 15, 1962) / 307
                 \\
                 63 Memorandum to N. S. Khrushchev (November 19, 1962) /
                 309 \\
                 64 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (November 25, 1962) / 310
                 \\
                 65 ``Instructions That May Be Given to the Participants
                 of a Proposed Study Concerning the Issue of How to
                 Secure the Peace in a Disarmed World'' (November 25,
                 1962) / 312 \\
                 66 Confidential Memorandum (January 8, 1963) / 314 \\
                 67 ``Tentative `Instructions' to the Participants of
                 the `Arms Control' (`Angels') Project'' (January 11,
                 1963) / 318 \\
                 68 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev with Appendix and
                 Memorandum (July 15, 1963) / 321 \\
                 69 Letter to N. S. Khrushchev (July 31, 1963) / 327 \\
                 70 Soviet Reply to Letter of July 15, 1963 (Undated) /
                 328 \\
                 VI The Washington Years: Arms Control Efforts / 331 \\
                 71 Excerpt from a Television Interview with Mike
                 Wallace (February 27, 1961) / 337 \\
                 72 Letter to President Kennedy with Copies of a
                 Memorandum to Members of the National Academy and of a
                 Proposed Petition (May 10, 1961) / 341 \\
                 73 Letter to President Kennedy (June 6, 1961) / 346 \\
                 74 ``On Disarmament'' (August 14, 1961) / 347 \\
                 75 Statement on Fallout Shelters (September 19, 1961) /
                 374 \\
                 76 Memorandum and Draft Proposal for a National Society
                 of Fellows (September 25, 1961) / 375 \\
                 77 Letter to John J. McCloy, US Disarmament
                 Administration (October 6, 1961) / 379 \\
                 78 Excerpts from the Transcripts of the Teller--Szilard
                 Debates on ``Camera Three'' (CBS Television Program,
                 June 3 and 10, 1962) / 381 \\
                 79 Memorandum (May 28, 1963) and Proposal (May 31,
                 1963) / 398 \\
                 80 Statement Submitted to the Committee on Foreign
                 Relations of the US Senate (August 23, 1963) / 404 \\
                 81 Draft of a Statement about Edward Teller (August 23,
                 1963) / 405 \\
                 82 ```Minimal Deterrent' vs. Saturation Parity'' (March
                 1964) / 407 \\
                 VII The Washington Years: The Council for a Livable
                 World / 423 \\
                 83 ``Are We on the Road to War?'' (April 1962) / 427
                 \\
                 84 Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to War?'' /
                 446 \\
                 85 Special Note to the Speech ``Are We on the Road to
                 War?'' for Los Angeles Area Readers (January 18, 1962)
                 / 447 \\
                 86 Letter to Colleagues with ``Responses to Date'' and
                 ``The Next Step'' Enclosures (February 28, 1962) / 448
                 \\
                 87 Council Mailing with a Letter to Prospective Members
                 (June 11, 1962) / 456 \\
                 88 ``A Plea to Abolish War'' (New York Herald Tribune,
                 July 13, 1962) / 473 \\
                 89 Letter to the Editor of Newsweek (September 10,
                 1962) / 475 \\
                 90 Letter to the Editor of The Washington Post (October
                 21, 1962) / 476 \\
                 91 Excerpt from a Draft Memorandum on the Cuban Missile
                 Crisis (Undated) / 478 \\
                 92 Letter (Progress Report) to Council Members (March
                 25, 1963) / 480 \\
                 93 Letter to the Editor of the Bulletin of the Atomic
                 Scientists (April 1963) / 483 \\
                 Bibliography of Nonscientific Works of Leo Szilard /
                 485 \\
                 Index / 489",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Cantelon:1991:AAD
editor: Philip L. (Philip Louis) Cantelon and Richard G. Hewlett and Robert Chadwell Williams
publisher: pub-U-PENN
address: pub-U-PENN:adr
edition: Second
pages: xviii + 369
year: 1991
ISBN: 0-8122-3096-5 (hardcover), 0-8122-1354-8 (paper) OR 0812230965 (hardcover), 0812213548 (paper)
LCCN: UA23 .A597 1991
bibdate: Wed Aug 22 11:35:25 MDT 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.08.22 11:35:25 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: Philip L. (Philip Louis) Cantelon and Richard G. Hewlett and Robert Chadwell Williams
booktitle:
The American atom: a documentary history of nuclear policies from the discovery of fission to the present

title:
The American atom: a documentary history of nuclear policies from the discovery of fission to the present

ISBN13:
978-0-8122-3096-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8122-1354-6 (paper) OR 9780812230963 (hardcover), 9780812213546 (paper)

bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

abstract:
Debate over nuclear policy, whether about nuclear weapons or nuclear energy, most often focuses on issues of the present or the future. The documents in this classic collection remind us, however, that the issues involved have a past. We follow the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer thorough his letters, observations of those close to the Manhattan Project and testimony to the Atomic Energy Commission. President Dwight Eisenhower's 1953 `Atoms for Peace' speech demonstrates how far back calls for nuclear sanity go, and the listing of nuclear-weapons accidents shows how dangerous it may be to ignore those calls.

subject:
United States; Military policy; Nuclear weapons; History; Sources; Nuclear energy; Nuclear nonproliferation; Deterrence (Strategy); 20th century

TOC:
Introduction / xii The Nuclear Age: Background and Visions / 1 1. Nuclear Energy: H. G. Wells's Vision, 1914 / 3 2. Leo Szilard and the Discovery of Fission / 7 3. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, August 2, 1939 / 9 4. The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum, 1940 / 11 5. The MAUD Report, 1941 / 16 II The Manhattan Project / 21 6. Letters of J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1942--45 / 24 7. The Quebec Agreement, August 19, 1943 / 31 8. Anglo--American Declaration of Trust, June 13, 1944 / 34 9. Roosevelt--Churchill Hyde Park Aide-Memoire, September 19, 1944 / 36 10. Military Policy Committee Minutes, May 5, 1943 / 37 11. Stimson and the Interim Committee, May 1945 / 37 12. Interim Committee Minutes, May 31, 1945 / 39 13. Glenn T. Seaborg to Ernest O. Lawrence, June 13, 1945 / 44 14. Science Panel Recommendations on the Immediate Use of Nuclear Weapons, June 16, 1945 / 47 15. Stimson and the Scientists' Concerns, June 26, 1945 / 48 16. O. R. Frisch, Eyewitness Account of ``Trinity'' Test, July 1945 / 50 17. General Groves's Report on ``Trinity,'' July 18, 1945 / 51 18. Leslie R. Groves to George C. Marshall, July 30, 1945 / 59 19. Truman--Stalin Conversation, Potsdam, July 24, 1945 / 61 20. Chicago Scientists' Petition to the President, July 17, 1945 / 63 21. White House Press Release on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 / 64 III Atomic Energy in a Postwar World / 69 22. Henry L. Stimson to Harry S. Truman, September 11, 1945 / 73 23. The McMahon Bill, December 20, 1945 (Atomic Energy Act of 1946) / 77 24. The Baruch Plan, June 1946 / 91 25. Dwight D. Eisenhower's ``Atoms for Peace'' Address to the United Nations General Assembly, December 8, 1953 ' / 96 26. Lewis L. Strauss, ``My Faith in the Atomic Future,'' August 1955 / 104 IV The Hydrogen Bomb / 109 27. ``Political Implications of Detonation of Atomic Bomb by the U.S.S.R.,'' August 16, 1949 / 110 28. Statement by the President on Announcing the First Atomic Explosion in the USSR, September 23, 1949 / 112 29. USAEC General Advisory Committee Minutes, October 28--30, 1949 / 113 30. USAEC General Advisory Committee Report on the ``Super,'' October 30, 1949 / 116 31. Lewis Strauss to Harry S. Truman, November 25, 1949 / 123 32. Statement by the President on the Hydrogen Bomb, January 31, 1950 / 127 33. Excerpts from President Eisenhower's Press Conference, March 31, 1954 / 127 34. Hans Bethe, Comments on the History of the H-Bomb, 1954 / 129 V The Oppenheimer Case / 139 35. K. D. Nichols to J. R. Oppenheimer, December 23, 1953 / 142 36. J. R. Oppenheimer to K. D. Nichols, March 4, 1954 / 145 37. Testimony in the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer / 151 38. Arthur Holly Compton to Gordon Gray, April 21, 1954 / 159 VI Nuclear Testing and the Test Ban / 163 39. Ralph E. Lapp, ``Civil Defense Faces New Perils,'' November 1954 / 167 40. Atomic Energy Commission Meeting 1377, May 28, 1958 / 174 41. W. K. Wyant, Jr., ``50,000 Baby Teeth,'' June 13, 1959 / 180 42. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, August 5, 1963 / 185 43. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, July 3, 1974 / 188 44. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, July 3, 1974 / 190 VII Deterrence / 193 45. Bernard Brodie on the Absolute Weapon, 1946 / 196 46. John Foster Dulles on Massive Retaliation, 1954 / 201 47. Herman Kahn on Thermonuclear War, 1960 / 203 48. Robert McNamara and Counterforce ``No Cities'' Doctrine, 1962 / 207 49. L. Hagen, Comments on Presidential Directive 59, 1980 / 210 50. Ronald Reagan on Deterrence, November 23, 1982 / 217 51. Caspar Weinberger on United States Nuclear Deterrence Policy, December 14, 1982 / 220 52. Ronald Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative, December 28, 1984 / 228 VIII Arms Control / 231 53. Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Link, June 20, 1963 (with Annex) / 233 54. Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, March 5, 1970 / 236 55. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, May 26, 1972 / 243 56. Interim Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, May 26, 1972 (with Protocol) / 249 57. USA--USSR Agreement to Reduce the Risk of Nuclear War Outbreak, September 30, 1972 / 253 58. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, July 3, 1974 / 255 59. SALT II Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, June, 18, 1979 (including Protocol and Agreed Understandings) / 258 60. U. S. Catholic Bishops' Pastoral Letter on War and Peace, May 3, 1983 / 267 61. William P. Clark to Archbishop Joseph L. Bernadin, November 16, 1982 / 274 62. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, December 8, 1987 / 276 63. Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Conduct of a Joint Verification Experiment, May 31, 1988 / 293 64. Frank Carlucci on Nuclear Deterrence and Strategic Defenses, January 17, 1989 / 296 IX Nuclear Power / 303 65. Edward Teller to Sterling Cole, July 23, 1953 / 308 66. United States Atomic Energy Commission Report on the Need for Nuclear Power, 1962 / 312 67. Proposed AEC Licensing Procedure and Related Legislation, June--July 1971 / 321 68. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 / 331 69. Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee versus U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1971 / 336 70. Three Mile Island, March 1979 / 338 71. Alvin M. Weinberg, ``A Nuclear Power Advocate Reflects on Chernobyl'' / 349 X Afterword / 357 Index / 359

rawabstract:
Debate over nuclear policy, whether about nuclear weapons or nuclear energy, most often focuses on issues of the present or the future. The documents in this classic collection remind us, however, that the issues involved have a past. We follow the story of J. Robert Oppenheimer thorough his letters, observations of those close to the Manhattan Project and testimony to the Atomic Energy Commission. President Dwight Eisenhower's 1953 `Atoms for Peace' speech demonstrates how far back calls for nuclear sanity go, and the listing of nuclear-weapons accidents shows how dangerous it may be to ignore those calls.

rawbooktitle:
The {American} atom: a documentary history of nuclear policies from the discovery of fission to the present

rawtitle:
The {American} atom: a documentary history of nuclear policies from the discovery of fission to the present

shortTOC:
Introduction The nuclear age background and visions The Manhattan Project Atomic energy in a postwar world The hydrogen bomb The Oppenheimer case Nuclear testing and the test ban Deterrence Arms control Nuclear power

rawshortTOC:
Introduction \\ The nuclear age background and visions \\ The Manhattan Project \\ Atomic energy in a postwar world \\ The hydrogen bomb \\ The Oppenheimer case \\ Nuclear testing and the test ban \\ Deterrence \\ Arms control \\ Nuclear power

rawTOC:
Introduction / xii \\ The Nuclear Age: Background and Visions / 1 \\ 1. Nuclear Energy: H. G. Wells's Vision, 1914 / 3 \\ 2. Leo Szilard and the Discovery of Fission / 7 \\ 3. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, August 2, 1939 / 9 \\ 4. The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum, 1940 / 11 \\ 5. The MAUD Report, 1941 / 16 \\ II The Manhattan Project / 21 \\ 6. Letters of J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1942--45 / 24 \\ 7. The Quebec Agreement, August 19, 1943 / 31 \\ 8. Anglo--American Declaration of Trust, June 13, 1944 / 34 \\ 9. Roosevelt--Churchill Hyde Park Aide-Memoire, September 19, 1944 / 36 \\ 10. Military Policy Committee Minutes, May 5, 1943 / 37 \\ 11. Stimson and the Interim Committee, May 1945 / 37 \\ 12. Interim Committee Minutes, May 31, 1945 / 39 \\ 13. Glenn T. Seaborg to Ernest O. Lawrence, June 13, 1945 / 44 \\ 14. Science Panel Recommendations on the Immediate Use of Nuclear Weapons, June 16, 1945 / 47 \\ 15. Stimson and the Scientists' Concerns, June 26, 1945 / 48 \\ 16. O. R. Frisch, Eyewitness Account of ``Trinity'' Test, July 1945 / 50 \\ 17. General Groves's Report on ``Trinity,'' July 18, 1945 / 51 \\ 18. Leslie R. Groves to George C. Marshall, July 30, 1945 / 59 \\ 19. Truman--Stalin Conversation, Potsdam, July 24, 1945 / 61 \\ 20. Chicago Scientists' Petition to the President, July 17, 1945 / 63 \\ 21. White House Press Release on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945 / 64 \\ III Atomic Energy in a Postwar World / 69 \\ 22. Henry L. Stimson to Harry S. Truman, September 11, 1945 / 73 \\ 23. The McMahon Bill, December 20, 1945 (Atomic Energy Act of 1946) / 77 \\ 24. The Baruch Plan, June 1946 / 91 \\ 25. Dwight D. Eisenhower's ``Atoms for Peace'' Address to the United Nations General Assembly, December 8, 1953 ' / 96 \\ 26. Lewis L. Strauss, ``My Faith in the Atomic Future,'' August 1955 / 104 \\ IV The Hydrogen Bomb / 109 \\ 27. ``Political Implications of Detonation of Atomic Bomb by the U.S.S.R.,'' August 16, 1949 / 110 \\ 28. Statement by the President on Announcing the First Atomic Explosion in the USSR, September 23, 1949 / 112 \\ 29. USAEC General Advisory Committee Minutes, October 28--30, 1949 / 113 \\ 30. USAEC General Advisory Committee Report on the ``Super,'' October 30, 1949 / 116 \\ 31. Lewis Strauss to Harry S. Truman, November 25, 1949 / 123 \\ 32. Statement by the President on the Hydrogen Bomb, January 31, 1950 / 127 \\ 33. Excerpts from President Eisenhower's Press Conference, March 31, 1954 / 127 \\ 34. Hans Bethe, Comments on the History of the H-Bomb, 1954 / 129 \\ V The Oppenheimer Case / 139 \\ 35. K. D. Nichols to J. R. Oppenheimer, December 23, 1953 / 142 \\ 36. J. R. Oppenheimer to K. D. Nichols, March 4, 1954 / 145 \\ 37. Testimony in the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer / 151 \\ 38. Arthur Holly Compton to Gordon Gray, April 21, 1954 / 159 \\ VI Nuclear Testing and the Test Ban / 163 \\ 39. Ralph E. Lapp, ``Civil Defense Faces New Perils,'' November 1954 / 167 \\ 40. Atomic Energy Commission Meeting 1377, May 28, 1958 / 174 \\ 41. W. K. Wyant, Jr., ``50,000 Baby Teeth,'' June 13, 1959 / 180 \\ 42. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, August 5, 1963 / 185 \\ 43. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, July 3, 1974 / 188 \\ 44. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, July 3, 1974 / 190 \\ VII Deterrence / 193 \\ 45. Bernard Brodie on the Absolute Weapon, 1946 / 196 \\ 46. John Foster Dulles on Massive Retaliation, 1954 / 201 \\ 47. Herman Kahn on Thermonuclear War, 1960 / 203 \\ 48. Robert McNamara and Counterforce ``No Cities'' Doctrine, 1962 / 207 \\ 49. L. Hagen, Comments on Presidential Directive 59, 1980 / 210 \\ 50. Ronald Reagan on Deterrence, November 23, 1982 / 217 \\ 51. Caspar Weinberger on United States Nuclear Deterrence Policy, December 14, 1982 / 220 \\ 52. Ronald Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative, December 28, 1984 / 228 \\ VIII Arms Control / 231 \\ 53. Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Link, June 20, 1963 (with Annex) / 233 \\ 54. Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, March 5, 1970 / 236 \\ 55. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, May 26, 1972 / 243 \\ 56. Interim Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, May 26, 1972 (with Protocol) / 249 \\ 57. USA--USSR Agreement to Reduce the Risk of Nuclear War Outbreak, September 30, 1972 / 253 \\ 58. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, July 3, 1974 / 255 \\ 59. SALT II Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, June, 18, 1979 (including Protocol and Agreed Understandings) / 258 \\ 60. U. S. Catholic Bishops' Pastoral Letter on War and Peace, May 3, 1983 / 267 \\ 61. William P. Clark to Archbishop Joseph L. Bernadin, November 16, 1982 / 274 \\ 62. Treaty Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles, December 8, 1987 / 276 \\ 63. Agreement Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Conduct of a Joint Verification Experiment, May 31, 1988 / 293 \\ 64. Frank Carlucci on Nuclear Deterrence and Strategic Defenses, January 17, 1989 / 296 \\ IX Nuclear Power / 303 \\ 65. Edward Teller to Sterling Cole, July 23, 1953 / 308 \\ 66. United States Atomic Energy Commission Report on the Need for Nuclear Power, 1962 / 312 \\ 67. Proposed AEC Licensing Procedure and Related Legislation, June--July 1971 / 321 \\ 68. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 / 331 \\ 69. Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee versus U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1971 / 336 \\ 70. Three Mile Island, March 1979 / 338 \\ 71. Alvin M. Weinberg, ``A Nuclear Power Advocate Reflects on Chernobyl'' / 349 \\ X Afterword / 357 \\ Index / 359

entry:
@Book{Cantelon:1991:AAD,
  editor =       "Philip L. (Philip Louis) Cantelon and Richard G.
                 Hewlett and Robert Chadwell Williams",
  booktitle =    "The {American} atom: a documentary history of nuclear
                 policies from the discovery of fission to the present",
  title =        "The {American} atom: a documentary history of nuclear
                 policies from the discovery of fission to the present",
  publisher =    pub-U-PENN,
  address =      pub-U-PENN:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xviii + 369",
  year =         "1991",
  ISBN =         "0-8122-3096-5 (hardcover), 0-8122-1354-8 (paper)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8122-3096-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8122-1354-6
                 (paper)",
  LCCN =         "UA23 .A597 1991",
  bibdate =      "Wed Aug 22 11:35:25 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  abstract =     "Debate over nuclear policy, whether about nuclear
                 weapons or nuclear energy, most often focuses on issues
                 of the present or the future. The documents in this
                 classic collection remind us, however, that the issues
                 involved have a past. We follow the story of J. Robert
                 Oppenheimer thorough his letters, observations of those
                 close to the Manhattan Project and testimony to the
                 Atomic Energy Commission. President Dwight Eisenhower's
                 1953 `Atoms for Peace' speech demonstrates how far back
                 calls for nuclear sanity go, and the listing of
                 nuclear-weapons accidents shows how dangerous it may be
                 to ignore those calls.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  shorttableofcontents = "Introduction \\
                 The nuclear age background and visions \\
                 The Manhattan Project \\
                 Atomic energy in a postwar world \\
                 The hydrogen bomb \\
                 The Oppenheimer case \\
                 Nuclear testing and the test ban \\
                 Deterrence \\
                 Arms control \\
                 Nuclear power",
  subject =      "United States; Military policy; Nuclear weapons;
                 History; Sources; Nuclear energy; Nuclear
                 nonproliferation; Deterrence (Strategy); 20th century",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / xii \\
                 The Nuclear Age: Background and Visions / 1 \\
                 1. Nuclear Energy: H. G. Wells's Vision, 1914 / 3 \\
                 2. Leo Szilard and the Discovery of Fission / 7 \\
                 3. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, August 2,
                 1939 / 9 \\
                 4. The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum, 1940 / 11 \\
                 5. The MAUD Report, 1941 / 16 \\
                 II The Manhattan Project / 21 \\
                 6. Letters of J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1942--45 / 24 \\
                 7. The Quebec Agreement, August 19, 1943 / 31 \\
                 8. Anglo--American Declaration of Trust, June 13, 1944
                 / 34 \\
                 9. Roosevelt--Churchill Hyde Park Aide-Memoire,
                 September 19, 1944 / 36 \\
                 10. Military Policy Committee Minutes, May 5, 1943 / 37
                 \\
                 11. Stimson and the Interim Committee, May 1945 / 37
                 \\
                 12. Interim Committee Minutes, May 31, 1945 / 39 \\
                 13. Glenn T. Seaborg to Ernest O. Lawrence, June 13,
                 1945 / 44 \\
                 14. Science Panel Recommendations on the Immediate Use
                 of Nuclear Weapons, June 16, 1945 / 47 \\
                 15. Stimson and the Scientists' Concerns, June 26, 1945
                 / 48 \\
                 16. O. R. Frisch, Eyewitness Account of ``Trinity''
                 Test, July 1945 / 50 \\
                 17. General Groves's Report on ``Trinity,'' July 18,
                 1945 / 51 \\
                 18. Leslie R. Groves to George C. Marshall, July 30,
                 1945 / 59 \\
                 19. Truman--Stalin Conversation, Potsdam, July 24, 1945
                 / 61 \\
                 20. Chicago Scientists' Petition to the President, July
                 17, 1945 / 63 \\
                 21. White House Press Release on Hiroshima, August 6,
                 1945 / 64 \\
                 III Atomic Energy in a Postwar World / 69 \\
                 22. Henry L. Stimson to Harry S. Truman, September 11,
                 1945 / 73 \\
                 23. The McMahon Bill, December 20, 1945 (Atomic Energy
                 Act of 1946) / 77 \\
                 24. The Baruch Plan, June 1946 / 91 \\
                 25. Dwight D. Eisenhower's ``Atoms for Peace'' Address
                 to the United Nations General Assembly, December 8,
                 1953 ' / 96 \\
                 26. Lewis L. Strauss, ``My Faith in the Atomic
                 Future,'' August 1955 / 104 \\
                 IV The Hydrogen Bomb / 109 \\
                 27. ``Political Implications of Detonation of Atomic
                 Bomb by the U.S.S.R.,'' August 16, 1949 / 110 \\
                 28. Statement by the President on Announcing the First
                 Atomic Explosion in the USSR, September 23, 1949 / 112
                 \\
                 29. USAEC General Advisory Committee Minutes, October
                 28--30, 1949 / 113 \\
                 30. USAEC General Advisory Committee Report on the
                 ``Super,'' October 30, 1949 / 116 \\
                 31. Lewis Strauss to Harry S. Truman, November 25, 1949
                 / 123 \\
                 32. Statement by the President on the Hydrogen Bomb,
                 January 31, 1950 / 127 \\
                 33. Excerpts from President Eisenhower's Press
                 Conference, March 31, 1954 / 127 \\
                 34. Hans Bethe, Comments on the History of the H-Bomb,
                 1954 / 129 \\
                 V The Oppenheimer Case / 139 \\
                 35. K. D. Nichols to J. R. Oppenheimer, December 23,
                 1953 / 142 \\
                 36. J. R. Oppenheimer to K. D. Nichols, March 4, 1954 /
                 145 \\
                 37. Testimony in the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer /
                 151 \\
                 38. Arthur Holly Compton to Gordon Gray, April 21, 1954
                 / 159 \\
                 VI Nuclear Testing and the Test Ban / 163 \\
                 39. Ralph E. Lapp, ``Civil Defense Faces New Perils,''
                 November 1954 / 167 \\
                 40. Atomic Energy Commission Meeting 1377, May 28, 1958
                 / 174 \\
                 41. W. K. Wyant, Jr., ``50,000 Baby Teeth,'' June 13,
                 1959 / 180 \\
                 42. Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the
                 Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water, August 5,
                 1963 / 185 \\
                 43. Treaty Between the United States of America and the
                 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation
                 of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests, July 3, 1974 / 188
                 \\
                 44. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of
                 America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on
                 the Limitation of Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests,
                 July 3, 1974 / 190 \\
                 VII Deterrence / 193 \\
                 45. Bernard Brodie on the Absolute Weapon, 1946 / 196
                 \\
                 46. John Foster Dulles on Massive Retaliation, 1954 /
                 201 \\
                 47. Herman Kahn on Thermonuclear War, 1960 / 203 \\
                 48. Robert McNamara and Counterforce ``No Cities''
                 Doctrine, 1962 / 207 \\
                 49. L. Hagen, Comments on Presidential Directive 59,
                 1980 / 210 \\
                 50. Ronald Reagan on Deterrence, November 23, 1982 /
                 217 \\
                 51. Caspar Weinberger on United States Nuclear
                 Deterrence Policy, December 14, 1982 / 220 \\
                 52. Ronald Reagan on the Strategic Defense Initiative,
                 December 28, 1984 / 228 \\
                 VIII Arms Control / 231 \\
                 53. Memorandum of Understanding Between the United
                 States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
                 Republics Regarding the Establishment of a Direct
                 Communications Link, June 20, 1963 (with Annex) / 233
                 \\
                 54. Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
                 March 5, 1970 / 236 \\
                 55. Treaty Between the United States of America and the
                 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Limitation
                 of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, May 26, 1972 / 243
                 \\
                 56. Interim Agreement Between the United States of
                 America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on
                 Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of
                 Strategic Offensive Arms, May 26, 1972 (with Protocol)
                 / 249 \\
                 57. USA--USSR Agreement to Reduce the Risk of Nuclear
                 War Outbreak, September 30, 1972 / 253 \\
                 58. Protocol to the Treaty Between the United States of
                 America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on
                 the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems, July
                 3, 1974 / 255 \\
                 59. SALT II Treaty Between the United States of America
                 and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the
                 Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, June, 18, 1979
                 (including Protocol and Agreed Understandings) / 258
                 \\
                 60. U. S. Catholic Bishops' Pastoral Letter on War and
                 Peace, May 3, 1983 / 267 \\
                 61. William P. Clark to Archbishop Joseph L. Bernadin,
                 November 16, 1982 / 274 \\
                 62. Treaty Between the United States of America and the
                 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Elimination
                 of Their Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles,
                 December 8, 1987 / 276 \\
                 63. Agreement Between the United States of America and
                 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Conduct
                 of a Joint Verification Experiment, May 31, 1988 / 293
                 \\
                 64. Frank Carlucci on Nuclear Deterrence and Strategic
                 Defenses, January 17, 1989 / 296 \\
                 IX Nuclear Power / 303 \\
                 65. Edward Teller to Sterling Cole, July 23, 1953 / 308
                 \\
                 66. United States Atomic Energy Commission Report on
                 the Need for Nuclear Power, 1962 / 312 \\
                 67. Proposed AEC Licensing Procedure and Related
                 Legislation, June--July 1971 / 321 \\
                 68. Atomic Energy Act of 1954 / 331 \\
                 69. Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee versus U.S.
                 Atomic Energy Commission, 1971 / 336 \\
                 70. Three Mile Island, March 1979 / 338 \\
                 71. Alvin M. Weinberg, ``A Nuclear Power Advocate
                 Reflects on Chernobyl'' / 349 \\
                 X Afterword / 357 \\
                 Index / 359",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Bess:1993:RUM
author: Michael Bess
publisher: pub-U-CHICAGO
address: pub-U-CHICAGO:adr
pages: xxviii + 322
year: 1993
LCCN: JX1962.A2 B47 1993
bibdate: Tue Sep 13 15:12:42 MDT 2011
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.13 15:12:42 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1893--1983; 1924--1993
rawauthor: Michael Bess
booktitle:
Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)

title:
Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)

ISBN:
0-226-04420-3 (hardcover), 0-226-04421-1 (paperback) OR 0226044203 (hardcover), 0226044211 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-226-04420-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-04421-7 (paperback) OR 9780226044200 (hardcover), 9780226044217 (paperback)

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/93009707.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/93009707-t.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0609/93009707-b.html

subject:
Szilard, Leo; Dolci, Danilo; Weiss, Louise; Thompson, E. P. (Edward Palmer); Intellectual life; History; 20th century; Pacifists; Biography

TOC:
Acknowledgments Introduction Peace through Strength: Louise Weiss's Global Realpolitik Peace through Cooperative Diplomacy: Leo Szilard's Vision of a Superpower Duopoly Peace as Grass-Roots Internationalism: E. P. Thompson's Campaign against Bloc Politics Peace through Social Transformation: Danilo Dolci's Long-Range Experiments with Gandhian Nonviolence Conclusion The Limits of the Possible: Three Core Debates The Future of Government on a Global Scale The Human Capacity for Change Two Conceptions of Power Notes Bibliography Index

rawbooktitle:
Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}

rawtitle:
Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist intellectuals and their strategies for peace, 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA), E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}

rawTOC:
Acknowledgments \\ Introduction \\ Peace through Strength: Louise Weiss's Global Realpolitik \\ Peace through Cooperative Diplomacy: Leo Szilard's Vision of a Superpower Duopoly \\ Peace as Grass-Roots Internationalism: E. P. Thompson's Campaign against Bloc \\ Politics \\ Peace through Social Transformation: Danilo Dolci's Long-Range Experiments with \\ Gandhian Nonviolence \\ Conclusion \\ The Limits of the Possible: Three Core Debates \\ The Future of Government on a Global Scale \\ The Human Capacity for Change \\ Two Conceptions of Power \\ Notes \\ Bibliography \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Bess:1993:RUM,
  author =       "Michael Bess",
  booktitle =    "Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist
                 intellectuals and their strategies for peace,
                 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA),
                 E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}",
  title =        "Realism, utopia, and the mushroom cloud: four activist
                 intellectuals and their strategies for peace,
                 1945--1989: {Louise Weiss (France), Leo Szilard (USA),
                 E. P. Thompson (England), Danilo Dolci (Italy)}",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xxviii + 322",
  year =         "1993",
  ISBN =         "0-226-04420-3 (hardcover), 0-226-04421-1 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-04420-0 (hardcover), 978-0-226-04421-7
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "JX1962.A2 B47 1993",
  bibdate =      "Tue Sep 13 15:12:42 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/93009707.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0608/93009707-t.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0609/93009707-b.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Szilard, Leo; Dolci, Danilo; Weiss, Louise; Thompson,
                 E. P. (Edward Palmer); Intellectual life; History; 20th
                 century; Pacifists; Biography",
  subject-dates = "1893--1983; 1924--1993",
  tableofcontents = "Acknowledgments \\
                 Introduction \\
                 Peace through Strength: Louise Weiss's Global
                 Realpolitik \\
                 Peace through Cooperative Diplomacy: Leo Szilard's
                 Vision of a Superpower Duopoly \\
                 Peace as Grass-Roots Internationalism: E. P. Thompson's
                 Campaign against Bloc \\
                 Politics \\
                 Peace through Social Transformation: Danilo Dolci's
                 Long-Range Experiments with \\
                 Gandhian Nonviolence \\
                 Conclusion \\
                 The Limits of the Possible: Three Core Debates \\
                 The Future of Government on a Global Scale \\
                 The Human Capacity for Change \\
                 Two Conceptions of Power \\
                 Notes \\
                 Bibliography \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Lanouette:1994:GSB
author: William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard
booktitle: Genius in the shadows: a biography of Leo Szilard: the man behind the bomb
title: Genius in the shadows: a biography of Leo Szilard: the man behind the bomb
publisher: pub-U-CHICAGO
address: pub-U-CHICAGO:adr
pages: xix + 587
year: 1994
ISBN: 0-226-46888-7 (paperback) OR 0226468887 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-226-46888-4 (paperback) OR 9780226468884 (paperback)
LCCN: QC16.S95 L36 1994
bibdate: Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010
bibtimestamp: 2010.07.28 18:24:21 MDT
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi053/94012738.html
remark: Original edition cite Lanouette:1992GSB.
subject: Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard
rawbooktitle: Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}: the man behind the bomb
rawtitle: Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}: the man behind the bomb
TOC:
The family View from the villa Schoolboy, soldier, and socialist Scholar and scientist Just friends Einstein Restless research and the bund A new world, a new field, a new fear refuge ``Moonshine'' Chain-reaction ``obsession'' Travels with Trude Bumbling toward the bomb ``I haven't thought of that at all'' Fission + Fermi = frustration Chain reaction versus the chain of command Visions of an ``armed peace'' Three attempts to stop the bomb ldots ldots and two to stop the army A last fight with the general A new life, an old problem Marriage on the run Oppenheimer and Teller Arms control Biology Beating cancer Meeting Khrushchev Is Washington a market for wisdom? Seeking a more livable world La Jolla: personal peace

rawTOC:
The family \\ View from the villa \\ Schoolboy, soldier, and socialist \\ Scholar and scientist \\ Just friends \\ Einstein \\ Restless research and the bund \\ A new world, a new field, a new fear \\ refuge \\ ``Moonshine'' \\ Chain-reaction ``obsession'' \\ Travels with Trude \\ Bumbling toward the bomb \\ ``I haven't thought of that at all'' \\ Fission + Fermi = frustration \\ Chain reaction versus the chain of command \\ Visions of an ``armed peace'' \\ Three attempts to stop the bomb \ldots{} \\ \ldots{} and two to stop the army \\ A last fight with the general \\ A new life, an old problem \\ Marriage on the run \\ Oppenheimer and Teller \\ Arms control \\ Biology \\ Beating cancer \\ Meeting Khrushchev \\ Is Washington a market for wisdom? \\ Seeking a more livable world \\ La Jolla: personal peace

entry:
@Book{Lanouette:1994:GSB,
  author =       "William Lanouette and Bela A. Silard",
  booktitle =    "Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}:
                 the man behind the bomb",
  title =        "Genius in the shadows: a biography of {Leo Szilard}:
                 the man behind the bomb",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xix + 587",
  year =         "1994",
  ISBN =         "0-226-46888-7 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-46888-4 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC16.S95 L36 1994",
  bibdate =      "Wed Jul 28 18:24:21 MDT 2010",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi053/94012738.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Original edition \cite{Lanouette:1992GSB}.",
  subject =      "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography",
  tableofcontents = "The family \\
                 View from the villa \\
                 Schoolboy, soldier, and socialist \\
                 Scholar and scientist \\
                 Just friends \\
                 Einstein \\
                 Restless research and the bund \\
                 A new world, a new field, a new fear \\
                 refuge \\
                 ``Moonshine'' \\
                 Chain-reaction ``obsession'' \\
                 Travels with Trude \\
                 Bumbling toward the bomb \\
                 ``I haven't thought of that at all'' \\
                 Fission + Fermi = frustration \\
                 Chain reaction versus the chain of command \\
                 Visions of an ``armed peace'' \\
                 Three attempts to stop the bomb \ldots{} \\
                 \ldots{} and two to stop the army \\
                 A last fight with the general \\
                 A new life, an old problem \\
                 Marriage on the run \\
                 Oppenheimer and Teller \\
                 Arms control \\
                 Biology \\
                 Beating cancer \\
                 Meeting Khrushchev \\
                 Is Washington a market for wisdom? \\
                 Seeking a more livable world \\
                 La Jolla: personal peace",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Bird:1996:HSW
editor: Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz
booktitle: Hiroshima's shadow: writings on the denial of history and the Smithsonian controversy
title: Hiroshima's shadow: writings on the denial of history and the Smithsonian controversy
publisher: Pamphleteer's Press
address: Stony Creek, CT, USA
pages: lxxvii + 584
year: 1996
LCCN: 9609 BOOK NOT YET IN LC
bibdate: Fri Aug 8 17:56:20 MDT 2008
bibtimestamp: 2008.08.08 17:56:20 MDT
remark: Preface by Dr. Joseph Rotblat, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: {Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of history and the {Smithsonian} controversy
raweditor: Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz
rawtitle: {Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of history and the {Smithsonian} controversy
ISBN:
0-9630587-3-8 (hardcover), 0-9630587-4-6 (paperback) OR 0963058738 (hardcover), 0963058746 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-9630587-3-7 (hardcover), 978-0-9630587-4-4 (paperback) OR 9780963058737 (hardcover), 9780963058744 (paperback)

TOC:
A social conscience for the nuclear age / Joseph Rotblat The legend of Hiroshima / Lawrence Lifschultz, Kai Bird Historians reassess: did we need to drop the bomb? / Gar Alperovitz Did the bomb end the war? / Murray Sayle The logic of mass destruction / Mark Selden The first nuclear war / Wilfred Burchett The decision to use the bombs / P. M. S. Blackett New evidence on Truman's decision / Robert L. Messer Three attempts to stop the bomb / William Lanouette Racing to the finish / Stanley Goldberg A post-war myth: 500,000 US lives saved / Barton J. Bernstein The invasion that never was / Adam Goodheart The construction of conventional wisdom / Uday Mohan, Sanho Tree Seizing the contested terrain of early nuclear history / Barton J. Bernstein The decision to use the atomic bomb / Henry L. Stimson Thank God for the atom bomb / Paul Fussell Hiroshima and modern memory / Martin J. Sherwin The horror and the shame / The editors of Commonweal ``Victory for what?'': The voice of the minority / Paul Boyer Leaving the bomb project / Joseph Rotblat The atom bomb & Ahimsa / Mahatma Gandhi Between hell and reason / Albert Camus The decline to barbarism / Dwight Macdonald When cruelty becomes pleasurable / Norman Thomas The return to nothingness / Felix Morley Our relations to Japan / Reinhold Niebuhr Nothing but nihilism / James Martin Gillis What hath man wrought! / David Lawrence Gentlemen: you are mad! / Lewis Mumford John Hersey and the American conscience / Michael J. Yavenditti The ``Hiroshima'' New Yorker / Mary McCarthy The literacy of survival / Norman Cousins An opinion on Hiroshima / Edgar R. Smothers Has it come to this? / A. J. Muste The battle of the Enola Gay / Mike Wallace Unconditional surrender at the Smithsonian / John W. Dower Memory, myth and history / Martin J. Sherwin Smithsonian suffers Legionnaires' Disease / Stanley Goldberg How the US press missed the target / Tony Capaccio, Uday Mohan The war of the op-ed pages. How a genuine democracy should celebrate its past / John W. Dower The Enola Gay: a nation's, and a museum's, dilemma / Martin Harwit The curators cave in / Kai Bird The Smithsonian and the bomb / Editorial, The New York Times World War II revised, or, How we bombed Japan out of racism and spite / Charles Krauthammer Beyond the Smithsonian flap: historians' new consensus Enola Gay: a new consensus / Gar Alperovitz What new consensus? / Robert P. Newman Dropping a bomb of an idea / Jonathan Yardley Hiroshima, rewritten / Barton J. Bernstein The trend of history / Editorial, the Wall Street Journal The Smithsonian changes course / Editorial, The Washington Post Or Hiroshima ``cult''? / Edwin M. Yoder Jr. Truman was right in 1945 / Albert R. Hunt Nagasaki / Stanley Goldberg The revisionists' agenda / Stephen S. Rosenfeld Enola Gay: ``patriotically correct'' / Kai Bird The day Hiroshima disappeared / Shuntaro Hida The unsurrendered people / Kenzaburo Oe Summer flower / Tamiki Hara

rawTOC:
A social conscience for the nuclear age / Joseph Rotblat \\ The legend of Hiroshima / Lawrence Lifschultz, Kai Bird \\ Historians reassess: did we need to drop the bomb? / Gar Alperovitz \\ Did the bomb end the war? / Murray Sayle \\ The logic of mass destruction / Mark Selden \\ The first nuclear war / Wilfred Burchett \\ The decision to use the bombs / P. M. S. Blackett \\ New evidence on Truman's decision / Robert L. Messer \\ Three attempts to stop the bomb / William Lanouette \\ Racing to the finish / Stanley Goldberg \\ A post-war myth: 500,000 US lives saved / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The invasion that never was / Adam Goodheart \\ The construction of conventional wisdom / Uday Mohan, Sanho Tree \\ Seizing the contested terrain of early nuclear history / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The decision to use the atomic bomb / Henry L. Stimson \\ Thank God for the atom bomb / Paul Fussell \\ Hiroshima and modern memory / Martin J. Sherwin \\ The horror and the shame / The editors of Commonweal \\ ``Victory for what?'': The voice of the minority / Paul Boyer \\ Leaving the bomb project / Joseph Rotblat \\ The atom bomb \& Ahimsa / Mahatma Gandhi \\ Between hell and reason / Albert Camus \\ The decline to barbarism / Dwight Macdonald \\ When cruelty becomes pleasurable / Norman Thomas \\ The return to nothingness / Felix Morley \\ Our relations to Japan / Reinhold Niebuhr \\ Nothing but nihilism / James Martin Gillis \\ What hath man wrought! / David Lawrence \\ Gentlemen: you are mad! / Lewis Mumford \\ John Hersey and the American conscience / Michael J. Yavenditti \\ The ``Hiroshima'' New Yorker / Mary McCarthy \\ The literacy of survival / Norman Cousins \\ An opinion on Hiroshima / Edgar R. Smothers \\ Has it come to this? / A. J. Muste \\ The battle of the Enola Gay / Mike Wallace \\ Unconditional surrender at the Smithsonian / John W. Dower \\ Memory, myth and history / Martin J. Sherwin \\ Smithsonian suffers Legionnaires' Disease / Stanley Goldberg \\ How the US press missed the target / Tony Capaccio, Uday Mohan \\ The war of the op-ed pages. How a genuine democracy should celebrate its past / John W. Dower \\ The Enola Gay: a nation's, and a museum's, dilemma / Martin Harwit \\ The curators cave in / Kai Bird \\ The Smithsonian and the bomb / Editorial, The New York Times \\ World War II revised, or, How we bombed Japan out of racism and spite / Charles Krauthammer \\ Beyond the Smithsonian flap: historians' new consensus \\ Enola Gay: a new consensus / Gar Alperovitz \\ What new consensus? / Robert P. Newman \\ Dropping a bomb of an idea / Jonathan Yardley \\ Hiroshima, rewritten / Barton J. Bernstein \\ The trend of history / Editorial, the Wall Street Journal \\ The Smithsonian changes course / Editorial, The Washington Post \\ Or Hiroshima ``cult''? / Edwin M. Yoder Jr. \\ Truman was right in 1945 / Albert R. Hunt \\ Nagasaki / Stanley Goldberg \\ The revisionists' agenda / Stephen S. Rosenfeld \\ Enola Gay: ``patriotically correct'' / Kai Bird \\ The day Hiroshima disappeared / Shuntaro Hida \\ The unsurrendered people / Kenzaburo O{\'e} \\ Summer flower / Tamiki Hara

entry:
@Book{Bird:1996:HSW,
  editor =       "Kai Bird and Lawrence Lifschultz",
  booktitle =    "{Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of
                 history and the {Smithsonian} controversy",
  title =        "{Hiroshima}'s shadow: writings on the denial of
                 history and the {Smithsonian} controversy",
  publisher =    "Pamphleteer's Press",
  address =      "Stony Creek, CT, USA",
  pages =        "lxxvii + 584",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-9630587-3-8 (hardcover), 0-9630587-4-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-9630587-3-7 (hardcover), 978-0-9630587-4-4
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "9609 BOOK NOT YET IN LC",
  bibdate =      "Fri Aug 8 17:56:20 MDT 2008",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Preface by Dr. Joseph Rotblat, winner of the Nobel
                 Peace Prize.",
  tableofcontents = "A social conscience for the nuclear age / Joseph
                 Rotblat \\
                 The legend of Hiroshima / Lawrence Lifschultz, Kai Bird
                 \\
                 Historians reassess: did we need to drop the bomb? /
                 Gar Alperovitz \\
                 Did the bomb end the war? / Murray Sayle \\
                 The logic of mass destruction / Mark Selden \\
                 The first nuclear war / Wilfred Burchett \\
                 The decision to use the bombs / P. M. S. Blackett \\
                 New evidence on Truman's decision / Robert L. Messer
                 \\
                 Three attempts to stop the bomb / William Lanouette \\
                 Racing to the finish / Stanley Goldberg \\
                 A post-war myth: 500,000 US lives saved / Barton J.
                 Bernstein \\
                 The invasion that never was / Adam Goodheart \\
                 The construction of conventional wisdom / Uday Mohan,
                 Sanho Tree \\
                 Seizing the contested terrain of early nuclear history
                 / Barton J. Bernstein \\
                 The decision to use the atomic bomb / Henry L. Stimson
                 \\
                 Thank God for the atom bomb / Paul Fussell \\
                 Hiroshima and modern memory / Martin J. Sherwin \\
                 The horror and the shame / The editors of Commonweal
                 \\
                 ``Victory for what?'': The voice of the minority / Paul
                 Boyer \\
                 Leaving the bomb project / Joseph Rotblat \\
                 The atom bomb \& Ahimsa / Mahatma Gandhi \\
                 Between hell and reason / Albert Camus \\
                 The decline to barbarism / Dwight Macdonald \\
                 When cruelty becomes pleasurable / Norman Thomas \\
                 The return to nothingness / Felix Morley \\
                 Our relations to Japan / Reinhold Niebuhr \\
                 Nothing but nihilism / James Martin Gillis \\
                 What hath man wrought! / David Lawrence \\
                 Gentlemen: you are mad! / Lewis Mumford \\
                 John Hersey and the American conscience / Michael J.
                 Yavenditti \\
                 The ``Hiroshima'' New Yorker / Mary McCarthy \\
                 The literacy of survival / Norman Cousins \\
                 An opinion on Hiroshima / Edgar R. Smothers \\
                 Has it come to this? / A. J. Muste \\
                 The battle of the Enola Gay / Mike Wallace \\
                 Unconditional surrender at the Smithsonian / John W.
                 Dower \\
                 Memory, myth and history / Martin J. Sherwin \\
                 Smithsonian suffers Legionnaires' Disease / Stanley
                 Goldberg \\
                 How the US press missed the target / Tony Capaccio,
                 Uday Mohan \\
                 The war of the op-ed pages. How a genuine democracy
                 should celebrate its past / John W. Dower \\
                 The Enola Gay: a nation's, and a museum's, dilemma /
                 Martin Harwit \\
                 The curators cave in / Kai Bird \\
                 The Smithsonian and the bomb / Editorial, The New York
                 Times \\
                 World War II revised, or, How we bombed Japan out of
                 racism and spite / Charles Krauthammer \\
                 Beyond the Smithsonian flap: historians' new consensus
                 \\
                 Enola Gay: a new consensus / Gar Alperovitz \\
                 What new consensus? / Robert P. Newman \\
                 Dropping a bomb of an idea / Jonathan Yardley \\
                 Hiroshima, rewritten / Barton J. Bernstein \\
                 The trend of history / Editorial, the Wall Street
                 Journal \\
                 The Smithsonian changes course / Editorial, The
                 Washington Post \\
                 Or Hiroshima ``cult''? / Edwin M. Yoder Jr. \\
                 Truman was right in 1945 / Albert R. Hunt \\
                 Nagasaki / Stanley Goldberg \\
                 The revisionists' agenda / Stephen S. Rosenfeld \\
                 Enola Gay: ``patriotically correct'' / Kai Bird \\
                 The day Hiroshima disappeared / Shuntaro Hida \\
                 The unsurrendered people / Kenzaburo O{\'e} \\
                 Summer flower / Tamiki Hara",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Grandy:1996:LSS
author: David Grandy
booktitle: Leo Szilard: science as a mode of being
title: Leo Szilard: science as a mode of being
publisher: University Press of America
address: Lanham, MD, USA
pages: xiii + 189
year: 1996
ISBN: 0-7618-0308-4 (hardcover) OR 0761803084 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-7618-0308-9 (hardcover) OR 9780761803089 (hardcover)
LCCN: QC16.S95 G73 1996
bibdate: Thu Sep 15 08:54:51 MDT 2011
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.15 08:54:51 MDT
note: Based on the author's doctoral dissertation cite Grandy:1994:LSS.
subject: Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: David Grandy
rawbooktitle: {Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being
rawnote: Based on the author's doctoral dissertation \cite{Grandy:1994:LSS}.
rawtitle: {Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being
TOC:
Preface and Acknowledgements / vii Introduction / ix 1: The Intellectual Landscape / 1 2: The Thunderclap and Its Antecedents / 19 3: Moving into Nuclear Physics / 37 4: A Time of ``Heartbreak and Frustration'' / 59 5: Down the Shaft / 81 6: From Physics to Biology and Political Chivalry / 101 Notes / 129 Bibliography / 175 Index / 183

rawTOC:
Preface and Acknowledgements / vii \\ Introduction / ix \\ 1: The Intellectual Landscape / 1 \\ 2: The Thunderclap and Its Antecedents / 19 \\ 3: Moving into Nuclear Physics / 37 \\ 4: A Time of ``Heartbreak and Frustration'' / 59 \\ 5: Down the Shaft / 81 \\ 6: From Physics to Biology and Political Chivalry / 101 \\ Notes / 129 \\ Bibliography / 175 \\ Index / 183

entry:
@Book{Grandy:1996:LSS,
  author =       "David Grandy",
  booktitle =    "{Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being",
  title =        "{Leo Szilard}: science as a mode of being",
  publisher =    "University Press of America",
  address =      "Lanham, MD, USA",
  pages =        "xiii + 189",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "0-7618-0308-4 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-7618-0308-9 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC16.S95 G73 1996",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 08:54:51 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Based on the author's doctoral dissertation
                 \cite{Grandy:1994:LSS}.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Szilard, Leo; Physicists; United States; Biography",
  tableofcontents = "Preface and Acknowledgements / vii \\
                 Introduction / ix \\
                 1: The Intellectual Landscape / 1 \\
                 2: The Thunderclap and Its Antecedents / 19 \\
                 3: Moving into Nuclear Physics / 37 \\
                 4: A Time of ``Heartbreak and Frustration'' / 59 \\
                 5: Down the Shaft / 81 \\
                 6: From Physics to Biology and Political Chivalry / 101
                 \\
                 Notes / 129 \\
                 Bibliography / 175 \\
                 Index / 183",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Wigner:1996:CWE
editor: Eugene Paul Wigner
booktitle: The collected works of Eugene Paul Wigner. Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics
title: The collected works of Eugene Paul Wigner. Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: x + 574
year: 1996
ISBN: 3-540-56972-3 OR 3540569723
ISBN13: 978-3-540-56972-5 OR 9783540569725
MRclass: 01A75 (81-03 81Q10 81R05 81U20 81V35)
MRnumber: 1366418 (97e:01024)
MRreviewer: R. L. Ingraham
bibdate: Sat Jul 28 10:00:08 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.07.28 10:00:08 ???
note: Annotated by Herman Feshbach, Edited and with a preface by Arthur S. Wightman and Jagdish Mehra
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: Eugene Paul Wigner
rawnote: Annotated by Herman Feshbach, Edited and with a preface by Arthur S. Wightman and Jagdish Mehra
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib

TOC:
Wigner on Nuclear Physics Annotation by Herman Feshbach / 1 On the Mass Defect of Helium / 15 On the Scattering of Neutrons on Protons / Uber die Streuung von Neutronen an Protonen / 21 Note on Majorana's Exchange Energy (with G. Breit) / 27 Capture of Slow Neutrons (with G. Breit) / 29 On the Saturation of Exchange Forces / 42 The Disintegration of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 47 On the Structure of the Nuclei Between Helium and Oxygen (with E. Feenberg) / 48 On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei / 60 On the Structure of Nuclei Beyond Oxygen / 74 The $beta $-Ray Spectrum of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 86 The Saturation Requirements for Nuclear Forces (with G. Breit) / 87 On the Saturation of Forces Derived from the Meson Theory (with L. Eisenbud) / 93 On Coupling Conditions in Light Nuclei and the Lifetimes of $beta $-Radioactivities / 94 The Electron--Positron Field Theory of Nuclear Forces (with C. L. Critchfield and E. Teller) / 103 Magnetic Moments of Odd Nuclei (with H. Margenau) / 113 Nuclear Masses and Binding Energies / 121 Invariant Forms of Interaction Between Nuclear Particles (with L. Eisenbud) / 133 The Antisymmetrical Interaction in Beta-Decay Theory (with C. L. Critchfield) / 142 Symmetry Properties of Nuclear Levels (with E. Feenberg) / 144 Resonance Reactions and Anomalous Scattering / 188 Reaction and Scattering Cross-Sections / 207 Resonance Reactions / 212 Higher Angular Momenta and Long Range Interaction in Resonance Reactions (with L. Eisenbud) / 225 On the Behavior of Cross Sections Near Thresholds / 238 Nuclear Reactions and Level Widths / 246 On the Statistical Distribution of the Widths and Spacings of Nuclear Resonance Levels / 257 Sum Rules in the Dispersion Theory of Nuclear Reactions (with T. Teichmann) / 266 On the Shell Model for Nuclei / 279 Note on the Beta-Decay / 296 A $beta $-Decay Matrix Element for a Deformed Core Model (with M. G. Redlich) / 301 On the Origin and the Effects of Spin-Orbit Coupling in Nuclei / 306 The Interpretation of Racah's Coefficients / 315 Giant Resonance Interpretation of the Nucleon--Nucleus Interaction (with A. M. Lane and R. G. Thomas) / 316 Results and Theory of Resonance Absorption / 325 Distribution of Neutron Resonance Level Spacing / 337 On the Distribution of the Roots of Certain Symmetric Matrices / 339 Isotopic Spin --- A Quantum Number for Nuclei / 342 Statistical Properties of Real Symmetric Matrices with Many Dimensions / 367 Approximation Method in Collision Theory Based on $R$-Matrix Theory (with C. B. Duke) / 378 Causality, $R$-Matrix, and Collision Matrix / 384 Distribution Laws for the Roots of a Random Hermitean Matrix / 412 Remarks / 428 Random Matrices in Physics / 433 General Principles of Nuclear Structure (with L. Eisenbud and G. T. Garvey) / 456 Some General Consequences of the Short-Range Nature of Nuclear Forces / 517 Extension of the $R$-Matrix Theory (with F. Narcowich) / 566 Bibliography / 567 Papers Reprinted in Volume II / 567 Related Papers Reprinted in Other Volumes of The Collected Works / 571 Related Papers Not Reprinted in The Collected Works / 573

rawbooktitle:
The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}

rawtitle:
The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A. The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}

rawTOC:
Wigner on Nuclear Physics Annotation by Herman Feshbach / 1 \\ On the Mass Defect of Helium / 15 \\ On the Scattering of Neutrons on Protons / Uber die Streuung von Neutronen an Protonen / 21 \\ Note on Majorana's Exchange Energy (with G. Breit) / 27 \\ Capture of Slow Neutrons (with G. Breit) / 29 \\ On the Saturation of Exchange Forces / 42 \\ The Disintegration of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 47 \\ On the Structure of the Nuclei Between Helium and Oxygen (with E. Feenberg) / 48 \\ On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei / 60 \\ On the Structure of Nuclei Beyond Oxygen / 74 \\ The $\beta$-Ray Spectrum of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 86 \\ The Saturation Requirements for Nuclear Forces (with G. Breit) / 87 \\ On the Saturation of Forces Derived from the Meson Theory (with L. Eisenbud) / 93 \\ On Coupling Conditions in Light Nuclei and the Lifetimes of $\beta$-Radioactivities / 94 \\ The Electron--Positron Field Theory of Nuclear Forces (with C. L. Critchfield and E. Teller) / 103 \\ Magnetic Moments of Odd Nuclei (with H. Margenau) / 113 \\ Nuclear Masses and Binding Energies / 121 \\ Invariant Forms of Interaction Between Nuclear Particles (with L. Eisenbud) / 133 \\ The Antisymmetrical Interaction in Beta-Decay Theory (with C. L. Critchfield) / 142 \\ Symmetry Properties of Nuclear Levels (with E. Feenberg) / 144 \\ Resonance Reactions and Anomalous Scattering / 188 \\ Reaction and Scattering Cross-Sections / 207 \\ Resonance Reactions / 212 \\ Higher Angular Momenta and Long Range Interaction in Resonance Reactions (with L. Eisenbud) / 225 \\ On the Behavior of Cross Sections Near Thresholds / 238 \\ Nuclear Reactions and Level Widths / 246 \\ On the Statistical Distribution of the Widths and Spacings of Nuclear Resonance Levels / 257 \\ Sum Rules in the Dispersion Theory of Nuclear Reactions (with T. Teichmann) / 266 \\ On the Shell Model for Nuclei / 279 \\ Note on the Beta-Decay / 296 \\ A $\beta$-Decay Matrix Element for a Deformed Core Model (with M. G. Redlich) / 301 \\ On the Origin and the Effects of Spin-Orbit Coupling in Nuclei / 306 \\ The Interpretation of Racah's Coefficients / 315 \\ Giant Resonance Interpretation of the Nucleon--Nucleus Interaction (with A. M. Lane and R. G. Thomas) / 316 \\ Results and Theory of Resonance Absorption / 325 \\ Distribution of Neutron Resonance Level Spacing / 337 \\ On the Distribution of the Roots of Certain Symmetric Matrices / 339 \\ Isotopic Spin --- A Quantum Number for Nuclei / 342 \\ Statistical Properties of Real Symmetric Matrices with Many Dimensions / 367 \\ Approximation Method in Collision Theory Based on $R$-Matrix Theory (with C. B. Duke) / 378 \\ Causality, $R$-Matrix, and Collision Matrix / 384 \\ Distribution Laws for the Roots of a Random Hermitean Matrix / 412 \\ Remarks / 428 \\ Random Matrices in Physics / 433 \\ General Principles of Nuclear Structure (with L. Eisenbud and G. T. Garvey) / 456 \\ Some General Consequences of the Short-Range Nature of Nuclear Forces / 517 \\ Extension of the $R$-Matrix Theory (with F. Narcowich) / 566 \\ Bibliography / 567 \\ Papers Reprinted in Volume II / 567 \\ Related Papers Reprinted in Other Volumes of The Collected Works / 571 \\ Related Papers Not Reprinted in The Collected Works / 573

entry:
@Book{Wigner:1996:CWE,
  editor =       "Eugene Paul Wigner",
  booktitle =    "The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A.
                 The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}",
  title =        "The collected works of {Eugene Paul Wigner}. {Part A.
                 The scientific papers. Vol. II. Nuclear physics}",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "x + 574",
  year =         "1996",
  ISBN =         "3-540-56972-3",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-540-56972-5",
  MRclass =      "01A75 (81-03 81Q10 81R05 81U20 81V35)",
  MRnumber =     "1366418 (97e:01024)",
  MRreviewer =   "R. L. Ingraham",
  bibdate =      "Sat Jul 28 10:00:08 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/v/von-neumann-john.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  note =         "Annotated by Herman Feshbach, Edited and with a
                 preface by Arthur S. Wightman and Jagdish Mehra",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  tableofcontents = "Wigner on Nuclear Physics Annotation by Herman
                 Feshbach / 1 \\
                 On the Mass Defect of Helium / 15 \\
                 On the Scattering of Neutrons on Protons / Uber die
                 Streuung von Neutronen an Protonen / 21 \\
                 Note on Majorana's Exchange Energy (with G. Breit) / 27
                 \\
                 Capture of Slow Neutrons (with G. Breit) / 29 \\
                 On the Saturation of Exchange Forces / 42 \\
                 The Disintegration of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 47 \\
                 On the Structure of the Nuclei Between Helium and
                 Oxygen (with E. Feenberg) / 48 \\
                 On the Consequences of the Symmetry of the Nuclear
                 Hamiltonian on the Spectroscopy of Nuclei / 60 \\
                 On the Structure of Nuclei Beyond Oxygen / 74 \\
                 The $\beta$-Ray Spectrum of Li$^8$ (with G. Breit) / 86
                 \\
                 The Saturation Requirements for Nuclear Forces (with G.
                 Breit) / 87 \\
                 On the Saturation of Forces Derived from the Meson
                 Theory (with L. Eisenbud) / 93 \\
                 On Coupling Conditions in Light Nuclei and the
                 Lifetimes of $\beta$-Radioactivities / 94 \\
                 The Electron--Positron Field Theory of Nuclear Forces
                 (with C. L. Critchfield and E. Teller) / 103 \\
                 Magnetic Moments of Odd Nuclei (with H. Margenau) / 113
                 \\
                 Nuclear Masses and Binding Energies / 121 \\
                 Invariant Forms of Interaction Between Nuclear
                 Particles (with L. Eisenbud) / 133 \\
                 The Antisymmetrical Interaction in Beta-Decay Theory
                 (with C. L. Critchfield) / 142 \\
                 Symmetry Properties of Nuclear Levels (with E.
                 Feenberg) / 144 \\
                 Resonance Reactions and Anomalous Scattering / 188 \\
                 Reaction and Scattering Cross-Sections / 207 \\
                 Resonance Reactions / 212 \\
                 Higher Angular Momenta and Long Range Interaction in
                 Resonance Reactions (with L. Eisenbud) / 225 \\
                 On the Behavior of Cross Sections Near Thresholds / 238
                 \\
                 Nuclear Reactions and Level Widths / 246 \\
                 On the Statistical Distribution of the Widths and
                 Spacings of Nuclear Resonance Levels / 257 \\
                 Sum Rules in the Dispersion Theory of Nuclear Reactions
                 (with T. Teichmann) / 266 \\
                 On the Shell Model for Nuclei / 279 \\
                 Note on the Beta-Decay / 296 \\
                 A $\beta$-Decay Matrix Element for a Deformed Core
                 Model (with M. G. Redlich) / 301 \\
                 On the Origin and the Effects of Spin-Orbit Coupling in
                 Nuclei / 306 \\
                 The Interpretation of Racah's Coefficients / 315 \\
                 Giant Resonance Interpretation of the Nucleon--Nucleus
                 Interaction (with A. M. Lane and R. G. Thomas) / 316
                 \\
                 Results and Theory of Resonance Absorption / 325 \\
                 Distribution of Neutron Resonance Level Spacing / 337
                 \\
                 On the Distribution of the Roots of Certain Symmetric
                 Matrices / 339 \\
                 Isotopic Spin --- A Quantum Number for Nuclei / 342 \\
                 Statistical Properties of Real Symmetric Matrices with
                 Many Dimensions / 367 \\
                 Approximation Method in Collision Theory Based on
                 $R$-Matrix Theory (with C. B. Duke) / 378 \\
                 Causality, $R$-Matrix, and Collision Matrix / 384 \\
                 Distribution Laws for the Roots of a Random Hermitean
                 Matrix / 412 \\
                 Remarks / 428 \\
                 Random Matrices in Physics / 433 \\
                 General Principles of Nuclear Structure (with L.
                 Eisenbud and G. T. Garvey) / 456 \\
                 Some General Consequences of the Short-Range Nature of
                 Nuclear Forces / 517 \\
                 Extension of the $R$-Matrix Theory (with F. Narcowich)
                 / 566 \\
                 Bibliography / 567 \\
                 Papers Reprinted in Volume II / 567 \\
                 Related Papers Reprinted in Other Volumes of The
                 Collected Works / 571 \\
                 Related Papers Not Reprinted in The Collected Works /
                 573",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Lopez:1997:PSN
editor: George A. Lopez and Nancy J. Myers
booktitle: Peace and security: the next generation
title: Peace and security: the next generation
publisher: Rowman and Littlefield
address: Lanham, MD, USA
pages: xiv + 275
year: 1997
LCCN: JX1391 .P39 1997
bibdate: Sat May 16 12:44:45 MDT 2015
bibsource: fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.16 12:44:45 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: Peace and security: the next generation
raweditor: George A. Lopez and Nancy J. Myers
rawtitle: Peace and security: the next generation
ISBN:
0-8476-8594-2 (hardcover), 0-8476-8595-0 (paperback) OR 0847685942 (hardcover), 0847685950 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-0-8476-8594-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8476-8595-0 (paperback) OR 9780847685943 (hardcover), 9780847685950 (paperback)

subject:
USA; International relations; World politics; 1945-; Diplomatic relations; International relations; World politics; United States; Foreign relations; 1945--1989

TOC:
Key Concept Chart / x Introduction / xiii Acknowledgments / xvii Part One: Challenges to Peace and Security I: The burdens of history: nuclear weapons, the cold war, and massive defense spending / 3 Introduction / / 3 I.1: The nuclear FAQ / Bulletin editors / 9 I.2: The man behind the bomb / William Lanouette / 9 I.3 How Soviet physicists caught up / David Holloway / 18 I.4 Four trillion dollars and counting / U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project / 25 I.5 Midnight never came / Mike Moore / 35 Chart: The Arms Race / / 50 Discussion Questions / / 51 II: The proliferation problem: will ``they'' get the bomb? / 53 Introduction / / 53 II.1 The myth of the Islamic bomb / Pervez Hoodbhoy / 56 II.2 Engineer for hire / David Albright / 64 II.3 Black-market bombs and fissile flim-flam / Kirill Belyaninov / 68 II.4 Potatoes were guarded better / Oleg Bukharin and William Potter / 76 II.5 Non-proliferation regime: jury-rigged but working / David Albright and Kevin O'Neill / 79 Chart: The Missile Threat / / 87 III: Legacies of insecurity: human costs, societal impacts, and environmental disasters / / 89 Introduction / / 89 III.1 Victims of the arms race / U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project / 92 III.2 Nothing clean about cleanup / Linda Rothstein / 94 III.3 Who the hell will insure us? / Len Ackland / 98 III.4 Poisoned Pacific / Bengt Danielson / 101 III.5 Chernobyl: the decade of despair / David R. Marples / 105 III.6 Nuclear language and how I learned to pat the bomb / Carol Cohn / 114 Map: A-Bomb Damage to Hiroshima / / 123 Discussion Questions / / 124 IV: From foe to friends? the Soviet successor states / / 125 Introduction / / 125 IV.1 Russia will turn inward / Viktoria Tripolskaya-Mitlyng / 128 IV.2 Baltic pride, Russian tears / Nina Chugunova / 132 IV.3 Kazakhstan finds its own way / Leonid Zagalsky / 139 IV.4 Power play in Central Asia / Mikhail Ustiugov / 144 IV.5 Armenia's energy choice / Astghik Vardanian / 148 Map: New Nations of the Former Soviet Union / / 155 Discussion Questions / / 156 Part Two: Building Peace and Security V: Promoting global cooperation: multilateral peacekeeping and sanctions / / 159 Introduction / / 159 V.1 Phantom forces, diminished dreams / Richard C. Longworth / 162 V.2 We are dying of your protection / Dzenita Mehic / 167 V.3 A stronger U.N. strengthens America / Jonathan Dean / 173 V.4 Misreading the public on peacekeeping / Steven Kull / 180 V.5 On sanctions, think small / Ivan Eland / 183 V.6 Who suffers from sanctions? / Drew Christiansen and Gerard F. Powers / 188 VI: Arms and security at millennium's end / / 193 Introduction / / 193 VI.1 More security for less money / Mike Moore / 196 VI.2 A Chinese view on nuclear disarmament / Dingli Shen / 202 VI.3 World court says mostly no to nuclear weapons / Mike Moore / 205 VI.4 The revolt against nuclear weapons / Michael Krepon / 208 VI.5 Comprehensive test ban only a beginning / William Epstein / 211 VI.6 Four steps to zero / The Henry L. Stimson Center / 215 Chart: A Sense of Proportion / / 221 Discussion Questions / / 222 VII: The emergence of global citizenship / / 223 Introduction / / 223 VII.1 Scientists as public educators: 1945--50 / Eugene Rabinowitch / 226 VII.2 The global tide / George A. Lopez [and others] / 230 VII.3 A movement is born / Nadezhda Azhgikhina / 238 VII.4 The revolutions of 1989 / Mary Kaldor / 243 VII.5 Squeezing apartheid / Jennifer Davis / 248 VII.6 Remember your humanity / Joseph Rotblat / 253 Chart: Nobel Peace Laureates, 1945--1996 / / 259 Discussion Questions / / 262 Index / / 265 About the Contributors / / 273

rawTOC:
Key Concept Chart / x \\ Introduction / xiii \\ Acknowledgments / xvii \\ Part One: Challenges to Peace and Security \\ I: The burdens of history: nuclear weapons, the cold war, and massive defense spending / 3 \\ Introduction / / 3 \\ I.1: The nuclear FAQ / Bulletin editors / 9 \\ I.2: The man behind the bomb / William Lanouette / 9 \\ I.3 How Soviet physicists caught up / David Holloway / 18 \\ I.4 Four trillion dollars and counting / U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project / 25 \\ I.5 Midnight never came / Mike Moore / 35 \\ Chart: The Arms Race / / 50 \\ Discussion Questions / / 51 \\ II: The proliferation problem: will ``they'' get the bomb? / 53 \\ Introduction / / 53 \\ II.1 The myth of the Islamic bomb / Pervez Hoodbhoy / 56 \\ II.2 Engineer for hire / David Albright / 64 \\ II.3 Black-market bombs and fissile flim-flam / Kirill Belyaninov / 68 \\ II.4 Potatoes were guarded better / Oleg Bukharin and William Potter / 76 \\ II.5 Non-proliferation regime: jury-rigged but working / David Albright and Kevin O'Neill / 79 \\ Chart: The Missile Threat / / 87 \\ III: Legacies of insecurity: human costs, societal impacts, and environmental disasters / / 89 \\ Introduction / / 89 \\ III.1 Victims of the arms race / U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project / 92 \\ III.2 Nothing clean about cleanup / Linda Rothstein / 94 \\ III.3 Who the hell will insure us? / Len Ackland / 98 \\ III.4 Poisoned Pacific / Bengt Danielson / 101 \\ III.5 Chernobyl: the decade of despair / David R. Marples / 105 \\ III.6 Nuclear language and how I learned to pat the bomb / Carol Cohn / 114 \\ Map: A-Bomb Damage to Hiroshima / / 123 \\ Discussion Questions / / 124 \\ IV: From foe to friends? the Soviet successor states / / 125 \\ Introduction / / 125 \\ IV.1 Russia will turn inward / Viktoria Tripolskaya-Mitlyng / 128 \\ IV.2 Baltic pride, Russian tears / Nina Chugunova / 132 \\ IV.3 Kazakhstan finds its own way / Leonid Zagalsky / 139 \\ IV.4 Power play in Central Asia / Mikhail Ustiugov / 144 \\ IV.5 Armenia's energy choice / Astghik Vardanian / 148 \\ Map: New Nations of the Former Soviet Union / / 155 \\ Discussion Questions / / 156 \\ Part Two: Building Peace and Security \\ V: Promoting global cooperation: multilateral peacekeeping and sanctions / / 159 \\ Introduction / / 159 \\ V.1 Phantom forces, diminished dreams / Richard C. Longworth / 162 \\ V.2 We are dying of your protection / Dzenita Mehic / 167 \\ V.3 A stronger U.N. strengthens America / Jonathan Dean / 173 \\ V.4 Misreading the public on peacekeeping / Steven Kull / 180 \\ V.5 On sanctions, think small / Ivan Eland / 183 \\ V.6 Who suffers from sanctions? / Drew Christiansen and Gerard F. Powers / 188 \\ VI: Arms and security at millennium's end / / 193 \\ Introduction / / 193 \\ VI.1 More security for less money / Mike Moore / 196 \\ VI.2 A Chinese view on nuclear disarmament / Dingli Shen / 202 \\ VI.3 World court says mostly no to nuclear weapons / Mike Moore / 205 \\ VI.4 The revolt against nuclear weapons / Michael Krepon / 208 \\ VI.5 Comprehensive test ban only a beginning / William Epstein / 211 \\ VI.6 Four steps to zero / The Henry L. Stimson Center / 215 \\ Chart: A Sense of Proportion / / 221 \\ Discussion Questions / / 222 \\ VII: The emergence of global citizenship / / 223 \\ Introduction / / 223 \\ VII.1 Scientists as public educators: 1945--50 / Eugene Rabinowitch / 226 \\ VII.2 The global tide / George A. Lopez [and others] / 230 \\ VII.3 A movement is born / Nadezhda Azhgikhina / 238 \\ VII.4 The revolutions of 1989 / Mary Kaldor / 243 \\ VII.5 Squeezing apartheid / Jennifer Davis / 248 \\ VII.6 Remember your humanity / Joseph Rotblat / 253 \\ Chart: Nobel Peace Laureates, 1945--1996 / / 259 \\ Discussion Questions / / 262 \\ Index / / 265 \\ About the Contributors / / 273

entry:
@Book{Lopez:1997:PSN,
  editor =       "George A. Lopez and Nancy J. Myers",
  booktitle =    "Peace and security: the next generation",
  title =        "Peace and security: the next generation",
  publisher =    "Rowman and Littlefield",
  address =      "Lanham, MD, USA",
  pages =        "xiv + 275",
  year =         "1997",
  ISBN =         "0-8476-8594-2 (hardcover), 0-8476-8595-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-8476-8594-3 (hardcover), 978-0-8476-8595-0
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "JX1391 .P39 1997",
  bibdate =      "Sat May 16 12:44:45 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "USA; International relations; World politics; 1945-;
                 Diplomatic relations; International relations; World
                 politics; United States; Foreign relations;
                 1945--1989",
  tableofcontents = "Key Concept Chart / x \\
                 Introduction / xiii \\
                 Acknowledgments / xvii \\
                 Part One: Challenges to Peace and Security \\
                 I: The burdens of history: nuclear weapons, the cold
                 war, and massive defense spending / 3 \\
                 Introduction / / 3 \\
                 I.1: The nuclear FAQ / Bulletin editors / 9 \\
                 I.2: The man behind the bomb / William Lanouette / 9
                 \\
                 I.3 How Soviet physicists caught up / David Holloway /
                 18 \\
                 I.4 Four trillion dollars and counting / U.S. Nuclear
                 Weapons Cost Study Project / 25 \\
                 I.5 Midnight never came / Mike Moore / 35 \\
                 Chart: The Arms Race / / 50 \\
                 Discussion Questions / / 51 \\
                 II: The proliferation problem: will ``they'' get the
                 bomb? / 53 \\
                 Introduction / / 53 \\
                 II.1 The myth of the Islamic bomb / Pervez Hoodbhoy /
                 56 \\
                 II.2 Engineer for hire / David Albright / 64 \\
                 II.3 Black-market bombs and fissile flim-flam / Kirill
                 Belyaninov / 68 \\
                 II.4 Potatoes were guarded better / Oleg Bukharin and
                 William Potter / 76 \\
                 II.5 Non-proliferation regime: jury-rigged but working
                 / David Albright and Kevin O'Neill / 79 \\
                 Chart: The Missile Threat / / 87 \\
                 III: Legacies of insecurity: human costs, societal
                 impacts, and environmental disasters / / 89 \\
                 Introduction / / 89 \\
                 III.1 Victims of the arms race / U.S. Nuclear Weapons
                 Cost Study Project / 92 \\
                 III.2 Nothing clean about cleanup / Linda Rothstein /
                 94 \\
                 III.3 Who the hell will insure us? / Len Ackland / 98
                 \\
                 III.4 Poisoned Pacific / Bengt Danielson / 101 \\
                 III.5 Chernobyl: the decade of despair / David R.
                 Marples / 105 \\
                 III.6 Nuclear language and how I learned to pat the
                 bomb / Carol Cohn / 114 \\
                 Map: A-Bomb Damage to Hiroshima / / 123 \\
                 Discussion Questions / / 124 \\
                 IV: From foe to friends? the Soviet successor states /
                 / 125 \\
                 Introduction / / 125 \\
                 IV.1 Russia will turn inward / Viktoria
                 Tripolskaya-Mitlyng / 128 \\
                 IV.2 Baltic pride, Russian tears / Nina Chugunova / 132
                 \\
                 IV.3 Kazakhstan finds its own way / Leonid Zagalsky /
                 139 \\
                 IV.4 Power play in Central Asia / Mikhail Ustiugov /
                 144 \\
                 IV.5 Armenia's energy choice / Astghik Vardanian / 148
                 \\
                 Map: New Nations of the Former Soviet Union / / 155 \\
                 Discussion Questions / / 156 \\
                 Part Two: Building Peace and Security \\
                 V: Promoting global cooperation: multilateral
                 peacekeeping and sanctions / / 159 \\
                 Introduction / / 159 \\
                 V.1 Phantom forces, diminished dreams / Richard C.
                 Longworth / 162 \\
                 V.2 We are dying of your protection / Dzenita Mehic /
                 167 \\
                 V.3 A stronger U.N. strengthens America / Jonathan Dean
                 / 173 \\
                 V.4 Misreading the public on peacekeeping / Steven Kull
                 / 180 \\
                 V.5 On sanctions, think small / Ivan Eland / 183 \\
                 V.6 Who suffers from sanctions? / Drew Christiansen and
                 Gerard F. Powers / 188 \\
                 VI: Arms and security at millennium's end / / 193 \\
                 Introduction / / 193 \\
                 VI.1 More security for less money / Mike Moore / 196
                 \\
                 VI.2 A Chinese view on nuclear disarmament / Dingli
                 Shen / 202 \\
                 VI.3 World court says mostly no to nuclear weapons /
                 Mike Moore / 205 \\
                 VI.4 The revolt against nuclear weapons / Michael
                 Krepon / 208 \\
                 VI.5 Comprehensive test ban only a beginning / William
                 Epstein / 211 \\
                 VI.6 Four steps to zero / The Henry L. Stimson Center /
                 215 \\
                 Chart: A Sense of Proportion / / 221 \\
                 Discussion Questions / / 222 \\
                 VII: The emergence of global citizenship / / 223 \\
                 Introduction / / 223 \\
                 VII.1 Scientists as public educators: 1945--50 / Eugene
                 Rabinowitch / 226 \\
                 VII.2 The global tide / George A. Lopez [and others] /
                 230 \\
                 VII.3 A movement is born / Nadezhda Azhgikhina / 238
                 \\
                 VII.4 The revolutions of 1989 / Mary Kaldor / 243 \\
                 VII.5 Squeezing apartheid / Jennifer Davis / 248 \\
                 VII.6 Remember your humanity / Joseph Rotblat / 253 \\
                 Chart: Nobel Peace Laureates, 1945--1996 / / 259 \\
                 Discussion Questions / / 262 \\
                 Index / / 265 \\
                 About the Contributors / / 273",
}


bibtype: proceedings
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Marx:1998:LSC
editor: George Marx
publisher: Eotvos Physical Society
address: Budapest, Hungary
pages: 192 (est.)
year: 1998
bibdate: Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.14 14:33:41 ???
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: George Marx
booktitle:
Leo Szilard Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998

title:
Leo Szilard Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998

remark:
The conference was organized by the Eotvos Physical Society, in cooperation with the American Physical Society, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and the Pugwash Movement of scientists, under the sponsorship of the Prime Minister of Hungary. Hungarian form of editor name is Marx Gyorgy.

rawbooktitle:
{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}

rawtitle:
{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}

entry:
@Proceedings{Marx:1998:LSC,
  editor =       "George Marx",
  booktitle =    "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and
                 contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of
                 Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}",
  title =        "{Leo Szil{\'a}rd Centenary Volume: lectures and
                 contributions of the Conference at the Centenary of
                 Szilard's Birth, Budapest on 9--11 February 1998}",
  publisher =    "E{\"o}tv{\"o}s Physical Society",
  address =      "Budapest, Hungary",
  pages =        "192 (est.)",
  year =         "1998",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Wed Sep 14 14:33:41 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  editor-dates = "1927--2002",
  remark =       "The conference was organized by the E{\"o}tv{\"o}s
                 Physical Society, in cooperation with the American
                 Physical Society, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
                 and the Pugwash Movement of scientists, under the
                 sponsorship of the Prime Minister of Hungary. Hungarian
                 form of editor name is Marx Gy{\"o}rgy.",
  xxISBN =       "none",
  xxISBN-13 =    "none",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Chambers:1999:OCA
editor: John Whiteclay Chambers
booktitle: The Oxford companion to American military history
title: The Oxford companion to American military history
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: 916
year: 1999
ISBN: 0-19-507198-0 OR 0195071980
ISBN13: 978-0-19-507198-6 OR 9780195071986
LCCN: E181 .O94 1999
bibdate: Fri Jan 11 18:00:10 MST 2013
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE
bibtimestamp: 2013.01.11 18:00:10 MST
subject: United States; History, Military; Dictionaries
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: The {Oxford} companion to {American} military history
raweditor: John Whiteclay Chambers
rawtitle: The {Oxford} companion to {American} military history
entry:
@Book{Chambers:1999:OCA,
  editor =       "John Whiteclay Chambers",
  booktitle =    "The {Oxford} companion to {American} military
                 history",
  title =        "The {Oxford} companion to {American} military
                 history",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "916",
  year =         "1999",
  ISBN =         "0-19-507198-0",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-507198-6",
  LCCN =         "E181 .O94 1999",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 11 18:00:10 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 library.ox.ac.uk:210/ADVANCE",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "United States; History, Military; Dictionaries",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Leventhal:2002:NPS
editor: Paul Leventhal and Sharon Tanzer and Steven Dolley
booktitle: Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?
title: Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?
publisher: Brassey's
address: Washington, DC, USA
pages: xxv + 340
year: 2002
LCCN: TK9145 .N8297 2002
bibdate: Fri Jan 11 14:51:18 MST 2013
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2013.01.11 14:51:18 MST
note: Foreword by Edward J. Markey.
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy035/2002018416.html
remark: Nuclear Control Institute book.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?
raweditor: Paul Leventhal and Sharon Tanzer and Steven Dolley
rawnote: Foreword by Edward J. Markey.
rawtitle: Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can we have one without the other?
ISBN:
1-57488-494-8 (hardcover), 1-57488-495-6 (paperback) OR 1574884948 (hardcover), 1574884956 (paperback)

ISBN13:
978-1-57488-494-4 (hardcover), 978-1-57488-495-1 (paperback) OR 9781574884944 (hardcover), 9781574884951 (paperback)

subject:
Nuclear engineering; International cooperation; Technology transfer; Nuclear weapons; Nuclear nonproliferation

entry:
@Book{Leventhal:2002:NPS,
  editor =       "Paul Leventhal and Sharon Tanzer and Steven Dolley",
  booktitle =    "Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can
                 we have one without the other?",
  title =        "Nuclear power and the spread of nuclear weapons: can
                 we have one without the other?",
  publisher =    "Brassey's",
  address =      "Washington, DC, USA",
  pages =        "xxv + 340",
  year =         "2002",
  ISBN =         "1-57488-494-8 (hardcover), 1-57488-495-6 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-57488-494-4 (hardcover), 978-1-57488-495-1
                 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "TK9145 .N8297 2002",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 11 14:51:18 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by Edward J. Markey.",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy035/2002018416.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Nuclear Control Institute book.",
  subject =      "Nuclear engineering; International cooperation;
                 Technology transfer; Nuclear weapons; Nuclear
                 nonproliferation",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Prigge:2003:BBA
editor: Walter Prigge
volume: 12
publisher: Jovis-Verlag
address: Berlin, Germany
pages: 319
year: 2003
ISBN: 3-936314-93-4 OR 3936314934
ISBN13: 978-3-936314-93-9 OR 9783936314939
LCCN: CB427 2003
bibdate: Fri Jan 11 15:15:48 MST 2013
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk
bibtimestamp: 2013.01.11 15:15:48 MST
series: Edition Bauhaus
URL: http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-3-159
language: German
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
raweditor: Walter Prigge
booktitle:
Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernitat und Barbarei. (German) [Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: World Heritage Sites of the 20th Century: modernity and barbarism]

title:
Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernitat und Barbarei. (German) [Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: World Heritage Sites of the 20th Century: modernity and barbarism]

rawbooktitle:
{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia}, {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]

rawtitle:
{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima: Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia}, {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]

entry:
@Book{Prigge:2003:BBA,
  editor =       "Walter Prigge",
  booktitle =    "{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima:
                 Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und
                 Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia},
                 {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the
                 {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]",
  title =        "{Bauhaus, Brasilia, Auschwitz, Hiroshima:
                 Weltkulturerbe des 20. Jahrhunderts: Modernit{\"a}t und
                 Barbarei}. ({German}) [{Bauhaus}, {Brasilia},
                 {Auschwitz}, {Hiroshima}: {World Heritage Sites} of the
                 {20th Century}: modernity and barbarism]",
  volume =       "12",
  publisher =    "Jovis-Verlag",
  address =      "Berlin, Germany",
  pages =        "319",
  year =         "2003",
  ISBN =         "3-936314-93-4",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-936314-93-9",
  LCCN =         "CB427 2003",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 11 15:15:48 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.gbv.de:20011/gvk",
  series =       "Edition Bauhaus",
  URL =          "http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/2003-3-159",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  language =     "German",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Brillouin:2004:SIT
author: Leon Brillouin
booktitle: Science and Information Theory
title: Science and Information Theory
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
edition: Second
pages: xv + 351
year: 2004
ISBN: 0-486-43918-6 OR 0486439186
ISBN13: 978-0-486-43918-1 OR 9780486439181
LCCN: Q175 .B786 2004
bibdate: Thu May 21 08:02:52 MDT 2015
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.21 08:02:52 MDT
series: Dover phoenix editions
URL: http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2004051975-d.html
keywords: Leo Szilard
remark: Republication of cite Brillouin:1956:SIT.
subject: Information theory
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1889--1969
rawauthor: L{\'e}on Brillouin
rawbooktitle: Science and Information Theory
rawtitle: Science and Information Theory
TOC:
Preface / v Introduction / vii The Definition of Information / 1 Definition of Information / 1 Unit Systems / 2 Generalization and Examples / 3 Information Using the Alphabet / 4 Information Content in a Set of Symbols with Different a priori Probabilities / 5 General Remarks / 8 Application of the Definitions and General Discussion / 11 Definitions / 11 Property A / 12 Property B / 13 Property C / 14 Joint Events / 17 Conditional Information / 19 Redundancy in the English Language / 21 Correlation and Joint Events / 21 Correlation in Language / 22 Redundancy in Language / 23 Some Typical Experiments / 25 Coding Devices / 26 Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of a Channel / 28 Introduction / 28 Definition of a Channel and its Capacity / 28 Symbols, Words, and Messages in Sequential Coding / 30 Discussion / 32 Examples / 34 Computation of the Capacity of a Channel / 37 Matching a Code with a Channel / 38 General Problem: Symbols with Different Lengths / 41 The Matching Problem / 44 Problems of Word Statistics (Mandelbrot) / 44 Solving the Matching Problem / 47 Appendix / 49 Coding Problems / 51 Alphabetic Coding, Binary System / 51 Alphabetic Coding, Ternary System / 53 Alphabet and Numbers / 54 Binary Coding by Words / 55 Alphabetic Coding by Words / 58 Coding Based on Letter Groups and on Correlation / 58 Error Detecting and Correcting Codes / 62 Error Detecting Codes / 62 Single Error Detecting Codes / 63 Single Error Correcting and Double Error Correcting Codes / 66 Efficiency of Self-Correcting Codes / 67 The Capacity of a Binary Channel with Noise / 69 Applications to Some Special Problems / 71 The Problem of Filing Using a Miscellaneous Cell / 71 Filing with Cross Referencing / 73 The Most Favorable Number of Signals per Elementary Cell / 75 The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling Procedure / 78 Fourier Series / 78 The Gibbs' Phenomenon and Convergence of Fourier Series / 80 Fourier Integrals / 83 The Role of Finite Frequency Band Width / 87 The Uncertainty Relation for Time and Frequency / 89 Degrees of Freedom of a Message / 93 Shannon's Sampling Method / 97 Gabor's Information Cells / 99 Autocorrelation and Spectrum; the Wiener-Khintchine Formula / 101 Linear Transformations and Filters / 103 Fourier Analysis and the Sampling Method in Three Dimensions / 105 Crystal Analysis by X-Rays / 111 Schwarz' Inequality / 113 Summary of Thermodynamics / 114 Introduction / 114 The Two Principles of Thermodynamics; Entropy and Negentropy / 114 Impossibility of Perpetual Motion; Thermal Engines / 117 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy / 119 Examples of Statistical Discussions / 121 Energy Fluctuations; Gibbs Formula / 122 Quantized Oscillator / 124 Fluctuations / 125 Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion / 128 Thermal Agitation / 128 Random Walk / 129 Shot Effect / 132 Brownian Motion / 134 Thermal Agitation in an Electric Circuit / 137 Appendix / 139 Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's Formula / 141 Random Impulses Model / 141 The Nyquist Method / 143 Discussion and Applications / 145 Generalizations of Nyquist's Formula / 146 Thermal Agitation in a Rectifier / 148 The Negentropy Principle of Information / 152 The Relation between Information and Entropy / 152 The Negentropy Principle of Information; Generalization of Carnot's Principle / 153 Some Typical Physical Examples / 156 Some General Remarks / 159 Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of Information / 162 Maxwell's Demon: Historical Survey / 162 The Demon Exorcised / 164 Discussion / 166 The Demon's Operation as a Transformation of Information into Negative Entropy / 168 The Negentropy Required in the Observation / 172 Szilard's Problem: The Well-Informed Heat Engine / 176 Gabor's Discussion / 179 Appendix I / 182 Appendix II / 183 The Negentropy Principle of Information in General Physics / 184 The Problem of Measurements in Physics / 184 Observations Made on an Oscillator / 185 High-Frequency Resonator and the Cost of an Observation / 188 Experiments Requiring Many Simultaneous Observations at Low Frequencies / 190 Problems Requiring High Reliability / 194 A More Accurate Discussion of Experiments Using High Frequencies / 196 An Example Showing the Minimum Negentropy Required in an Observation / 198 Observation and Information / 202 Experimental Errors and Information / 202 Length Measurements with Low Accuracy / 204 Length Measurements with High Accuracy / 206 Efficiency of an Observation / 209 Measurement of a Distance with an Interferometer / 210 Another Scheme for Measuring Distance / 213 The Measurement of Time Intervals / 217 Observation under a Microscope / 219 Discussion of the Focus in a Wave Guide / 223 Examples and Discussion / 226 Summary / 228 Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and Physical Limits of Observation / 229 General Remarks / 229 An Observation is an Irreversible Process / 231 General Limitations in the Accuracy of Physical Measurements / 232 The Limits of Euclidean Geometry / 235 Possible Use of Heavy Particles Instead of Photons / 236 Uncertainty Relations in the Microscope Experiment / 238 Measurement of Momentum / 241 Uncertainty in Field Measurements / 243 The Negentropy Principle of Information in Telecommunications / 245 The Analysis of Signals with Finite Band Width / 245 Signals and Thermal Noise: Representation in Hyperspace / 246 The Capacity of a Channel with Noise / 247 Discussion of the Tuller-Shannon Formula / 248 A Practical Example / 252 The Negentropy Principle Applied to the Channel with Noise / 254 Gabor's Modified Formula and the Role of Beats / 257 Writing, Printing, and Reading / 259 The Transmission of Information: Live Information / 259 The Problem of Reading and Writing / 260 Dead Information and How to Bring it Back to Life / 261 Writing and Printing / 263 Discussion of a Special Example / 264 New Information and Redundancy / 265 The Problem of Computing / 267 Computing Machines / 267 The Computer as a Mathematical Element / 269 The Computer as a Circuit Element, Sampling and Desampling (Linvill and Salzer) / 273 Computing on Sampled Data at Time t / 275 The Transfer Function for a Computer / 277 Circuits Containing a Computer, The Problem of Stability / 279 Discussion of the Stability of a Program / 281 A Few Examples / 283 Information, Organization, and Other Problems / 287 Information and Organization / 287 Information Contained in a Physical Law / 289 Information Contained in a Numerical Table / 291 General Remarks / 293 Examples of Problems Beyond the Present Theory / 294 Problems of Semantic Information / 297 Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information / 302 Information in Science / 302 Information is Finite / 302 The Viewpoint of M. Born / 303 Observation and Experimental Errors / 304 A Simple Example for Discussion: Laplace's Demon Exorcised / 305 Some More Examples: Anharmonic Oscillators, Rectifier / 308 The Anomaly of the Harmonic Oscillator / 311 The Problem of Determinism / 314 Information Theory and our Preceding Examples / 316 Observation and Interpretation / 318 Conclusions / 320 The Problem of Very Small Distances / 321 The Difficulties in Measuring Extremely Small Distances / 321 The Possible Use of These Remarks for the Computation of Diverging Integrals in Physicsp. 322 Example: Electromagnetic Mass of the Electron / 324 A Justification of our Assumptions: Schrodinger's Zitterbewegung / 325 Discussion and Possible Generalizations / 326 Author Index / 329 Subject Index / 331 Books published by L. Brillouin / 349

rawTOC:
Preface / v \\ Introduction / vii \\ The Definition of Information / 1 \\ Definition of Information / 1 \\ Unit Systems / 2 \\ Generalization and Examples / 3 \\ Information Using the Alphabet / 4 \\ Information Content in a Set of Symbols with Different a priori Probabilities / 5 \\ General Remarks / 8 \\ Application of the Definitions and General Discussion / 11 \\ Definitions / 11 \\ Property A / 12 \\ Property B / 13 \\ Property C / 14 \\ Joint Events / 17 \\ Conditional Information / 19 \\ Redundancy in the English Language / 21 \\ Correlation and Joint Events / 21 \\ Correlation in Language / 22 \\ Redundancy in Language / 23 \\ Some Typical Experiments / 25 \\ Coding Devices / 26 \\ Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of a Channel / 28 \\ Introduction / 28 \\ Definition of a Channel and its Capacity / 28 \\ Symbols, Words, and Messages in Sequential Coding / 30 \\ Discussion / 32 \\ Examples / 34 \\ Computation of the Capacity of a Channel / 37 \\ Matching a Code with a Channel / 38 \\ General Problem: Symbols with Different Lengths / 41 \\ The Matching Problem / 44 \\ Problems of Word Statistics (Mandelbrot) / 44 \\ Solving the Matching Problem / 47 \\ Appendix / 49 \\ Coding Problems / 51 \\ Alphabetic Coding, Binary System / 51 \\ Alphabetic Coding, Ternary System / 53 \\ Alphabet and Numbers / 54 \\ Binary Coding by Words / 55 \\ Alphabetic Coding by Words / 58 \\ Coding Based on Letter Groups and on Correlation / 58 \\ Error Detecting and Correcting Codes / 62 \\ Error Detecting Codes / 62 \\ Single Error Detecting Codes / 63 \\ Single Error Correcting and Double Error Correcting Codes / 66 \\ Efficiency of Self-Correcting Codes / 67 \\ The Capacity of a Binary Channel with Noise / 69 \\ Applications to Some Special Problems / 71 \\ The Problem of Filing Using a Miscellaneous Cell / 71 \\ Filing with Cross Referencing / 73 \\ The Most Favorable Number of Signals per Elementary Cell / 75 \\ The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling Procedure / 78 \\ Fourier Series / 78 \\ The Gibbs' Phenomenon and Convergence of Fourier Series / 80 \\ Fourier Integrals / 83 \\ The Role of Finite Frequency Band Width / 87 \\ The Uncertainty Relation for Time and Frequency / 89 \\ Degrees of Freedom of a Message / 93 \\ Shannon's Sampling Method / 97 \\ Gabor's Information Cells / 99 \\ Autocorrelation and Spectrum; the Wiener-Khintchine Formula / 101 \\ Linear Transformations and Filters / 103 \\ Fourier Analysis and the Sampling Method in Three Dimensions / 105 \\ Crystal Analysis by X-Rays / 111 \\ Schwarz' Inequality / 113 \\ Summary of Thermodynamics / 114 \\ Introduction / 114 \\ The Two Principles of Thermodynamics; Entropy and Negentropy / 114 \\ Impossibility of Perpetual Motion; Thermal Engines / 117 \\ Statistical Interpretation of Entropy / 119 \\ Examples of Statistical Discussions / 121 \\ Energy Fluctuations; Gibbs Formula / 122 \\ Quantized Oscillator / 124 \\ Fluctuations / 125 \\ Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion / 128 \\ Thermal Agitation / 128 \\ Random Walk / 129 \\ Shot Effect / 132 \\ Brownian Motion / 134 \\ Thermal Agitation in an Electric Circuit / 137 \\ Appendix / 139 \\ Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's Formula / 141 \\ Random Impulses Model / 141 \\ The Nyquist Method / 143 \\ Discussion and Applications / 145 \\ Generalizations of Nyquist's Formula / 146 \\ Thermal Agitation in a Rectifier / 148 \\ The Negentropy Principle of Information / 152 \\ The Relation between Information and Entropy / 152 \\ The Negentropy Principle of Information; Generalization of Carnot's Principle / 153 \\ Some Typical Physical Examples / 156 \\ Some General Remarks / 159 \\ Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of Information / 162 \\ Maxwell's Demon: Historical Survey / 162 \\ The Demon Exorcised / 164 \\ Discussion / 166 \\ The Demon's Operation as a Transformation of Information into Negative Entropy / 168 \\ The Negentropy Required in the Observation / 172 \\ Szilard's Problem: The Well-Informed Heat Engine / 176 \\ Gabor's Discussion / 179 \\ Appendix I / 182 \\ Appendix II / 183 \\ The Negentropy Principle of Information in General Physics / 184 \\ The Problem of Measurements in Physics / 184 \\ Observations Made on an Oscillator / 185 \\ High-Frequency Resonator and the Cost of an Observation / 188 \\ Experiments Requiring Many Simultaneous Observations at Low Frequencies / 190 \\ Problems Requiring High Reliability / 194 \\ A More Accurate Discussion of Experiments Using High Frequencies / 196 \\ An Example Showing the Minimum Negentropy Required in an Observation / 198 \\ Observation and Information / 202 \\ Experimental Errors and Information / 202 \\ Length Measurements with Low Accuracy / 204 \\ Length Measurements with High Accuracy / 206 \\ Efficiency of an Observation / 209 \\ Measurement of a Distance with an Interferometer / 210 \\ Another Scheme for Measuring Distance / 213 \\ The Measurement of Time Intervals / 217 \\ Observation under a Microscope / 219 \\ Discussion of the Focus in a Wave Guide / 223 \\ Examples and Discussion / 226 \\ Summary / 228 \\ Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and Physical Limits of Observation / 229 \\ General Remarks / 229 \\ An Observation is an Irreversible Process / 231 \\ General Limitations in the Accuracy of Physical Measurements / 232 \\ The Limits of Euclidean Geometry / 235 \\ Possible Use of Heavy Particles Instead of Photons / 236 \\ Uncertainty Relations in the Microscope Experiment / 238 \\ Measurement of Momentum / 241 \\ Uncertainty in Field Measurements / 243 \\ The Negentropy Principle of Information in Telecommunications / 245 \\ The Analysis of Signals with Finite Band Width / 245 \\ Signals and Thermal Noise: Representation in Hyperspace / 246 \\ The Capacity of a Channel with Noise / 247 \\ Discussion of the Tuller-Shannon Formula / 248 \\ A Practical Example / 252 \\ The Negentropy Principle Applied to the Channel with Noise / 254 \\ Gabor's Modified Formula and the Role of Beats / 257 \\ Writing, Printing, and Reading / 259 \\ The Transmission of Information: Live Information / 259 \\ The Problem of Reading and Writing / 260 \\ Dead Information and How to Bring it Back to Life / 261 \\ Writing and Printing / 263 \\ Discussion of a Special Example / 264 \\ New Information and Redundancy / 265 \\ The Problem of Computing / 267 \\ Computing Machines / 267 \\ The Computer as a Mathematical Element / 269 \\ The Computer as a Circuit Element, Sampling and Desampling (Linvill and Salzer) / 273 \\ Computing on Sampled Data at Time t / 275 \\ The Transfer Function for a Computer / 277 \\ Circuits Containing a Computer, The Problem of Stability / 279 \\ Discussion of the Stability of a Program / 281 \\ A Few Examples / 283 \\ Information, Organization, and Other Problems / 287 \\ Information and Organization / 287 \\ Information Contained in a Physical Law / 289 \\ Information Contained in a Numerical Table / 291 \\ General Remarks / 293 \\ Examples of Problems Beyond the Present Theory / 294 \\ Problems of Semantic Information / 297 \\ Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information / 302 \\ Information in Science / 302 \\ Information is Finite / 302 \\ The Viewpoint of M. Born / 303 \\ Observation and Experimental Errors / 304 \\ A Simple Example for Discussion: Laplace's Demon Exorcised / 305 \\ Some More Examples: Anharmonic Oscillators, Rectifier / 308 \\ The Anomaly of the Harmonic Oscillator / 311 \\ The Problem of Determinism / 314 \\ Information Theory and our Preceding Examples / 316 \\ Observation and Interpretation / 318 \\ Conclusions / 320 \\ The Problem of Very Small Distances / 321 \\ The Difficulties in Measuring Extremely Small Distances / 321 \\ The Possible Use of These Remarks for the Computation of Diverging Integrals in Physicsp. 322 \\ Example: Electromagnetic Mass of the Electron / 324 \\ A Justification of our Assumptions: Schr{\"o}dinger's Zitterbewegung / 325 \\ Discussion and Possible Generalizations / 326 \\ Author Index / 329 \\ Subject Index / 331 \\ Books published by L. Brillouin / 349

entry:
@Book{Brillouin:2004:SIT,
  author =       "L{\'e}on Brillouin",
  booktitle =    "Science and Information Theory",
  title =        "Science and Information Theory",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xv + 351",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-486-43918-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-43918-1",
  LCCN =         "Q175 .B786 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 21 08:02:52 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  series =       "Dover phoenix editions",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0618/2004051975-d.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1889--1969",
  keywords =     "Leo Szilard",
  remark =       "Republication of \cite{Brillouin:1956:SIT}.",
  subject =      "Information theory",
  tableofcontents = "Preface / v \\
                 Introduction / vii \\
                 The Definition of Information / 1 \\
                 Definition of Information / 1 \\
                 Unit Systems / 2 \\
                 Generalization and Examples / 3 \\
                 Information Using the Alphabet / 4 \\
                 Information Content in a Set of Symbols with Different
                 a priori Probabilities / 5 \\
                 General Remarks / 8 \\
                 Application of the Definitions and General Discussion /
                 11 \\
                 Definitions / 11 \\
                 Property A / 12 \\
                 Property B / 13 \\
                 Property C / 14 \\
                 Joint Events / 17 \\
                 Conditional Information / 19 \\
                 Redundancy in the English Language / 21 \\
                 Correlation and Joint Events / 21 \\
                 Correlation in Language / 22 \\
                 Redundancy in Language / 23 \\
                 Some Typical Experiments / 25 \\
                 Coding Devices / 26 \\
                 Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of a
                 Channel / 28 \\
                 Introduction / 28 \\
                 Definition of a Channel and its Capacity / 28 \\
                 Symbols, Words, and Messages in Sequential Coding / 30
                 \\
                 Discussion / 32 \\
                 Examples / 34 \\
                 Computation of the Capacity of a Channel / 37 \\
                 Matching a Code with a Channel / 38 \\
                 General Problem: Symbols with Different Lengths / 41
                 \\
                 The Matching Problem / 44 \\
                 Problems of Word Statistics (Mandelbrot) / 44 \\
                 Solving the Matching Problem / 47 \\
                 Appendix / 49 \\
                 Coding Problems / 51 \\
                 Alphabetic Coding, Binary System / 51 \\
                 Alphabetic Coding, Ternary System / 53 \\
                 Alphabet and Numbers / 54 \\
                 Binary Coding by Words / 55 \\
                 Alphabetic Coding by Words / 58 \\
                 Coding Based on Letter Groups and on Correlation / 58
                 \\
                 Error Detecting and Correcting Codes / 62 \\
                 Error Detecting Codes / 62 \\
                 Single Error Detecting Codes / 63 \\
                 Single Error Correcting and Double Error Correcting
                 Codes / 66 \\
                 Efficiency of Self-Correcting Codes / 67 \\
                 The Capacity of a Binary Channel with Noise / 69 \\
                 Applications to Some Special Problems / 71 \\
                 The Problem of Filing Using a Miscellaneous Cell / 71
                 \\
                 Filing with Cross Referencing / 73 \\
                 The Most Favorable Number of Signals per Elementary
                 Cell / 75 \\
                 The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling
                 Procedure / 78 \\
                 Fourier Series / 78 \\
                 The Gibbs' Phenomenon and Convergence of Fourier Series
                 / 80 \\
                 Fourier Integrals / 83 \\
                 The Role of Finite Frequency Band Width / 87 \\
                 The Uncertainty Relation for Time and Frequency / 89
                 \\
                 Degrees of Freedom of a Message / 93 \\
                 Shannon's Sampling Method / 97 \\
                 Gabor's Information Cells / 99 \\
                 Autocorrelation and Spectrum; the Wiener-Khintchine
                 Formula / 101 \\
                 Linear Transformations and Filters / 103 \\
                 Fourier Analysis and the Sampling Method in Three
                 Dimensions / 105 \\
                 Crystal Analysis by X-Rays / 111 \\
                 Schwarz' Inequality / 113 \\
                 Summary of Thermodynamics / 114 \\
                 Introduction / 114 \\
                 The Two Principles of Thermodynamics; Entropy and
                 Negentropy / 114 \\
                 Impossibility of Perpetual Motion; Thermal Engines /
                 117 \\
                 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy / 119 \\
                 Examples of Statistical Discussions / 121 \\
                 Energy Fluctuations; Gibbs Formula / 122 \\
                 Quantized Oscillator / 124 \\
                 Fluctuations / 125 \\
                 Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion / 128 \\
                 Thermal Agitation / 128 \\
                 Random Walk / 129 \\
                 Shot Effect / 132 \\
                 Brownian Motion / 134 \\
                 Thermal Agitation in an Electric Circuit / 137 \\
                 Appendix / 139 \\
                 Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's Formula
                 / 141 \\
                 Random Impulses Model / 141 \\
                 The Nyquist Method / 143 \\
                 Discussion and Applications / 145 \\
                 Generalizations of Nyquist's Formula / 146 \\
                 Thermal Agitation in a Rectifier / 148 \\
                 The Negentropy Principle of Information / 152 \\
                 The Relation between Information and Entropy / 152 \\
                 The Negentropy Principle of Information; Generalization
                 of Carnot's Principle / 153 \\
                 Some Typical Physical Examples / 156 \\
                 Some General Remarks / 159 \\
                 Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of
                 Information / 162 \\
                 Maxwell's Demon: Historical Survey / 162 \\
                 The Demon Exorcised / 164 \\
                 Discussion / 166 \\
                 The Demon's Operation as a Transformation of
                 Information into Negative Entropy / 168 \\
                 The Negentropy Required in the Observation / 172 \\
                 Szilard's Problem: The Well-Informed Heat Engine / 176
                 \\
                 Gabor's Discussion / 179 \\
                 Appendix I / 182 \\
                 Appendix II / 183 \\
                 The Negentropy Principle of Information in General
                 Physics / 184 \\
                 The Problem of Measurements in Physics / 184 \\
                 Observations Made on an Oscillator / 185 \\
                 High-Frequency Resonator and the Cost of an Observation
                 / 188 \\
                 Experiments Requiring Many Simultaneous Observations at
                 Low Frequencies / 190 \\
                 Problems Requiring High Reliability / 194 \\
                 A More Accurate Discussion of Experiments Using High
                 Frequencies / 196 \\
                 An Example Showing the Minimum Negentropy Required in
                 an Observation / 198 \\
                 Observation and Information / 202 \\
                 Experimental Errors and Information / 202 \\
                 Length Measurements with Low Accuracy / 204 \\
                 Length Measurements with High Accuracy / 206 \\
                 Efficiency of an Observation / 209 \\
                 Measurement of a Distance with an Interferometer / 210
                 \\
                 Another Scheme for Measuring Distance / 213 \\
                 The Measurement of Time Intervals / 217 \\
                 Observation under a Microscope / 219 \\
                 Discussion of the Focus in a Wave Guide / 223 \\
                 Examples and Discussion / 226 \\
                 Summary / 228 \\
                 Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and
                 Physical Limits of Observation / 229 \\
                 General Remarks / 229 \\
                 An Observation is an Irreversible Process / 231 \\
                 General Limitations in the Accuracy of Physical
                 Measurements / 232 \\
                 The Limits of Euclidean Geometry / 235 \\
                 Possible Use of Heavy Particles Instead of Photons /
                 236 \\
                 Uncertainty Relations in the Microscope Experiment /
                 238 \\
                 Measurement of Momentum / 241 \\
                 Uncertainty in Field Measurements / 243 \\
                 The Negentropy Principle of Information in
                 Telecommunications / 245 \\
                 The Analysis of Signals with Finite Band Width / 245
                 \\
                 Signals and Thermal Noise: Representation in Hyperspace
                 / 246 \\
                 The Capacity of a Channel with Noise / 247 \\
                 Discussion of the Tuller-Shannon Formula / 248 \\
                 A Practical Example / 252 \\
                 The Negentropy Principle Applied to the Channel with
                 Noise / 254 \\
                 Gabor's Modified Formula and the Role of Beats / 257
                 \\
                 Writing, Printing, and Reading / 259 \\
                 The Transmission of Information: Live Information / 259
                 \\
                 The Problem of Reading and Writing / 260 \\
                 Dead Information and How to Bring it Back to Life / 261
                 \\
                 Writing and Printing / 263 \\
                 Discussion of a Special Example / 264 \\
                 New Information and Redundancy / 265 \\
                 The Problem of Computing / 267 \\
                 Computing Machines / 267 \\
                 The Computer as a Mathematical Element / 269 \\
                 The Computer as a Circuit Element, Sampling and
                 Desampling (Linvill and Salzer) / 273 \\
                 Computing on Sampled Data at Time t / 275 \\
                 The Transfer Function for a Computer / 277 \\
                 Circuits Containing a Computer, The Problem of
                 Stability / 279 \\
                 Discussion of the Stability of a Program / 281 \\
                 A Few Examples / 283 \\
                 Information, Organization, and Other Problems / 287 \\
                 Information and Organization / 287 \\
                 Information Contained in a Physical Law / 289 \\
                 Information Contained in a Numerical Table / 291 \\
                 General Remarks / 293 \\
                 Examples of Problems Beyond the Present Theory / 294
                 \\
                 Problems of Semantic Information / 297 \\
                 Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information / 302
                 \\
                 Information in Science / 302 \\
                 Information is Finite / 302 \\
                 The Viewpoint of M. Born / 303 \\
                 Observation and Experimental Errors / 304 \\
                 A Simple Example for Discussion: Laplace's Demon
                 Exorcised / 305 \\
                 Some More Examples: Anharmonic Oscillators, Rectifier /
                 308 \\
                 The Anomaly of the Harmonic Oscillator / 311 \\
                 The Problem of Determinism / 314 \\
                 Information Theory and our Preceding Examples / 316 \\
                 Observation and Interpretation / 318 \\
                 Conclusions / 320 \\
                 The Problem of Very Small Distances / 321 \\
                 The Difficulties in Measuring Extremely Small Distances
                 / 321 \\
                 The Possible Use of These Remarks for the Computation
                 of Diverging Integrals in Physicsp. 322 \\
                 Example: Electromagnetic Mass of the Electron / 324 \\
                 A Justification of our Assumptions: Schr{\"o}dinger's
                 Zitterbewegung / 325 \\
                 Discussion and Possible Generalizations / 326 \\
                 Author Index / 329 \\
                 Subject Index / 331 \\
                 Books published by L. Brillouin / 349",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Cronin:2004:FR
editor: James W. Cronin
booktitle: Fermi remembered
title: Fermi remembered
publisher: pub-U-CHICAGO
address: pub-U-CHICAGO:adr
pages: xi + 287
year: 2004
ISBN: 0-226-12111-9 (hardcover) OR 0226121119 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-226-12111-6 (hardcover) OR 9780226121116 (hardcover)
LCCN: QC16.F46 F49 2004
bibdate: Mon Jun 18 08:16:04 MDT 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.06.18 08:16:04 MDT
subject: Fermi, Enrico; archives; nuclear physics
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1901--1954
rawbooktitle: {Fermi} remembered
raweditor: James W. Cronin
rawtitle: {Fermi} remembered
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/2003020524.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0614/2003020524-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip049/2003020524.html

TOC:
Preface Chapter 1 Biographical Introduction Editor's comment Emilio Segre: Biographical Introduction Chapter 2 Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter Editor's comment Frank Wilczek: Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter Chapter 3 Letters and a Speech Relating to the Development of Nuclear Energy Editor's introductory comments Editor's comment 1 To Harry M. Durning, January 16, 1939 Editor's comment 2 From George B. Pegram to S. C. Hooper, March 18, 1939 Editor's comment 3 From Leo Szilard, July 3, 1939 From Leo Szilard, July 5, 1939 From Leo Szilard, July 8, 1939 To Leo Szilard, July 9, 1939 From Leo Szilard, July 11, 1939 Editor's comment 4 From Vannevar Bush, August 15, 1941 Editor's comment 5 From Harry S. Truman, 8/11/5 0 Editor's comment 6 ``The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' January 30, 1954, speech outline ``Physics at Columbia University: The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' November 1955 Chapter 4 Correspondence between Fermi and Colleagues: Scientific, Political, Humorous Editor's comments on letters To Janes F. Byrnes, October 16, 1945 From C. N. Yang, January 5, 1950 To C. N. Yang, January 12, 1950 From Erwin Schrodinger, February 10, 1951 To Erwin Schrodinger, February 27, 1951 From Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan, October 4, 1952 To Fred Reines, October 8, 1952 To Dean G. Acheson, May 22, 1952 From Linus Pauling, June 16, 1952 From George Gamow, March 13, 1953 To George Gamow, March 24, 1953 From Samuel Goudsmit, March 11, 1953 To Samuel Goudsmit, March 24, 1953 From George Kistiakowsky, September 29, 1953 To George Kistiakowsky, September 30, 1953 From Arthur Compton, December 2, 1953 To Arthur Compton, December 14, 1953 From Owen Chamberlain, February 2, 1954 Chapter 5 Research: Selections from the Archives International House application, June 10, 1940 Editors comment 2 To Walter Bartky, December 3, 1945 Editor's comment 3 Photograph of original members of the Institute for Nuclear Studies Institute for Nuclear Studies members, 1950 Editor's comment 4 Genesis of theory of cosmic ray acceleration, 1948--1949 Editor's comment 5 Summary page from data book on meson-nucleon scattering, February 1952 Editor's comment 6 Program for calculation of cyclotron orbits on the Maniac computer, 1951 Editor's comment 7 Quantum mechanics exam, spring quarter 1954 Editor's comment 8 ``The Future of Nuclear Physics,' Rochester, January 10, 1952 Speech outline, January 30, 1954 Chapter 6 Reminiscences of Fermi's Faculty and Research Colleagues, 1945--1954 Richard Garwin: Working with Fermi at Chicago and Postwar Los Alamos Murray Gell-Mann: No Shortage of Memories Marvin Goldberger: Enrico Fermi (1901--1954): The Complete Physicist Roger Hildebrand: Fermi's Classrooms Darragh Nagle: With Fermi at Columbia, Chicago, and Los Alamos Valentine Telegdi: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi Albert Wattenberg: Fermi as My Chauffeur (Fermi at Argonne National Laboratory and Chicago, 1946--1948) Courtenay Wright: Fermi in Action Chapter 7 Reminiscences of Fermi's Students, 1945--1954 Harold Agnew: A Snapshot of My Interaction with Fermi Owen Chamberlain: A Brief Reminiscence of Enrico Fermi Geoffrey Chew: Personal Recollections from 1944--1948 George Farwell: Reminiscences of Fermi Uri Haber-Schaim: Fermi in Varenna, Summer 1954 T. D. Lee: Reminiscences of Chicago Days Jay Orear: My First Meetings with Fermi Arthur Rosenfeld: Reminiscences of Fermi Robert Schluter: Some Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi Jack Steinberger: Fermi and My Graduate Years at Chicago: Happy Reminiscences Chapter 8 Reminiscences of Students of the Fermi Period, 1945--1954 Nina Byers: Fermi and Szilard Jerome Friedman: A Student's View of Fermi Maurice Glicksman: Enrico Fermi: Teacher, Colleague, Mentor Marshall Rosenbluth: A Young Man Encounters Enrico Fermi Lincoln Wolfenstein: Fermi Interactions C. N. Yang: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi Gaurang Yodh: This Account Is Not According to the Mahabharata! Chapter 9 What Can We Learn with High Energy Accelerators? James W. Cronin: Fermi's Look into His Crystal Ball Further Reading List of Contributors

rawTOC:
Preface \\ Chapter 1 Biographical Introduction \\ Editor's comment \\ Emilio Segr{\`e}: Biographical Introduction \\ Chapter 2 Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\ Editor's comment \\ Frank Wilczek: Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\ Chapter 3 Letters and a Speech Relating to the Development of Nuclear Energy \\ Editor's introductory comments \\ Editor's comment 1 \\ To Harry M. Durning, January 16, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 2 \\ From George B. Pegram to S. C. Hooper, March 18, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 3 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 3, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 5, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 8, 1939 \\ To Leo Szilard, July 9, 1939 \\ From Leo Szilard, July 11, 1939 \\ Editor's comment 4 \\ From Vannevar Bush, August 15, 1941 \\ Editor's comment 5 \\ From Harry S. Truman, 8/11/5 \\0 Editor's comment 6 \\ ``The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' January 30, 1954, speech outline \\ ``Physics at Columbia University: The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' November 1955 \\ Chapter 4 Correspondence between Fermi and Colleagues: Scientific, Political, Humorous \\ Editor's comments on letters \\ To Janes F. Byrnes, October 16, 1945 \\ From C. N. Yang, January 5, 1950 \\ To C. N. Yang, January 12, 1950 \\ From Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 10, 1951 \\ To Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 27, 1951 \\ From Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan, October 4, 1952 \\ To Fred Reines, October 8, 1952 \\ To Dean G. Acheson, May 22, 1952 \\ From Linus Pauling, June 16, 1952 \\ From George Gamow, March 13, 1953 \\ To George Gamow, March 24, 1953 \\ From Samuel Goudsmit, March 11, 1953 \\ To Samuel Goudsmit, March 24, 1953 \\ From George Kistiakowsky, September 29, 1953 \\ To George Kistiakowsky, September 30, 1953 \\ From Arthur Compton, December 2, 1953 \\ To Arthur Compton, December 14, 1953 \\ From Owen Chamberlain, February 2, 1954 \\ Chapter 5 Research: Selections from the Archives \\ International House application, June 10, 1940 \\ Editors comment 2 \\ To Walter Bartky, December 3, 1945 \\ Editor's comment 3 \\ Photograph of original members of the Institute for Nuclear Studies \\ Institute for Nuclear Studies members, 1950 \\ Editor's comment 4 \\ Genesis of theory of cosmic ray acceleration, 1948--1949 \\ Editor's comment 5 \\ Summary page from data book on meson-nucleon scattering, February 1952 \\ Editor's comment 6 \\ Program for calculation of cyclotron orbits on the Maniac computer, 1951 \\ Editor's comment 7 \\ Quantum mechanics exam, spring quarter 1954 \\ Editor's comment 8 \\ ``The Future of Nuclear Physics,' Rochester, January 10, 1952 \\ Speech outline, January 30, 1954 \\ Chapter 6 Reminiscences of Fermi's Faculty and Research Colleagues, 1945--1954 \\ Richard Garwin: Working with Fermi at Chicago and Postwar Los Alamos \\ Murray Gell-Mann: No Shortage of Memories \\ Marvin Goldberger: Enrico Fermi (1901--1954): The Complete Physicist \\ Roger Hildebrand: Fermi's Classrooms \\ Darragh Nagle: With Fermi at Columbia, Chicago, and Los Alamos \\ Valentine Telegdi: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Albert Wattenberg: Fermi as My Chauffeur (Fermi at Argonne National Laboratory and Chicago, 1946--1948) \\ Courtenay Wright: Fermi in Action \\ Chapter 7 Reminiscences of Fermi's Students, 1945--1954 \\ Harold Agnew: A Snapshot of My Interaction with Fermi \\ Owen Chamberlain: A Brief Reminiscence of Enrico Fermi \\ Geoffrey Chew: Personal Recollections from 1944--1948 \\ George Farwell: Reminiscences of Fermi \\ Uri Haber-Schaim: Fermi in Varenna, Summer 1954 \\ T. D. Lee: Reminiscences of Chicago Days \\ Jay Orear: My First Meetings with Fermi \\ Arthur Rosenfeld: Reminiscences of Fermi \\ Robert Schluter: Some Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Jack Steinberger: Fermi and My Graduate Years at Chicago: Happy Reminiscences \\ Chapter 8 Reminiscences of Students of the Fermi Period, 1945--1954 \\ Nina Byers: Fermi and Szilard \\ Jerome Friedman: A Student's View of Fermi \\ Maurice Glicksman: Enrico Fermi: Teacher, Colleague, Mentor \\ Marshall Rosenbluth: A Young Man Encounters Enrico Fermi \\ Lincoln Wolfenstein: Fermi Interactions \\ C. N. Yang: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\ Gaurang Yodh: This Account Is Not According to the Mahabharata! \\ Chapter 9 What Can We Learn with High Energy Accelerators? \\ James W. Cronin: Fermi's Look into His Crystal Ball \\ Further Reading \\ List of Contributors

entry:
@Book{Cronin:2004:FR,
  editor =       "James W. Cronin",
  booktitle =    "{Fermi} remembered",
  title =        "{Fermi} remembered",
  publisher =    pub-U-CHICAGO,
  address =      pub-U-CHICAGO:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 287",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "0-226-12111-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-226-12111-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC16.F46 F49 2004",
  bibdate =      "Mon Jun 18 08:16:04 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/uchi052/2003020524.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0614/2003020524-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip049/2003020524.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Fermi, Enrico; archives; nuclear physics",
  subject-dates = "1901--1954",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Chapter 1 Biographical Introduction \\
                 Editor's comment \\
                 Emilio Segr{\`e}: Biographical Introduction \\
                 Chapter 2 Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\
                 Editor's comment \\
                 Frank Wilczek: Fermi and the Elucidation of Matter \\
                 Chapter 3 Letters and a Speech Relating to the
                 Development of Nuclear Energy \\
                 Editor's introductory comments \\
                 Editor's comment 1 \\
                 To Harry M. Durning, January 16, 1939 \\
                 Editor's comment 2 \\
                 From George B. Pegram to S. C. Hooper, March 18, 1939
                 \\
                 Editor's comment 3 \\
                 From Leo Szilard, July 3, 1939 \\
                 From Leo Szilard, July 5, 1939 \\
                 From Leo Szilard, July 8, 1939 \\
                 To Leo Szilard, July 9, 1939 \\
                 From Leo Szilard, July 11, 1939 \\
                 Editor's comment 4 \\
                 From Vannevar Bush, August 15, 1941 \\
                 Editor's comment 5 \\
                 From Harry S. Truman, 8/11/5 \\0 Editor's comment 6 \\
                 ``The Genesis of the Nuclear Energy Project,'' January
                 30, 1954, speech outline \\
                 ``Physics at Columbia University: The Genesis of the
                 Nuclear Energy Project,'' November 1955 \\
                 Chapter 4 Correspondence between Fermi and Colleagues:
                 Scientific, Political, Humorous \\
                 Editor's comments on letters \\
                 To Janes F. Byrnes, October 16, 1945 \\
                 From C. N. Yang, January 5, 1950 \\
                 To C. N. Yang, January 12, 1950 \\
                 From Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 10, 1951 \\
                 To Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger, February 27, 1951 \\
                 From Fred Reines and Clyde Cowan, October 4, 1952 \\
                 To Fred Reines, October 8, 1952 \\
                 To Dean G. Acheson, May 22, 1952 \\
                 From Linus Pauling, June 16, 1952 \\
                 From George Gamow, March 13, 1953 \\
                 To George Gamow, March 24, 1953 \\
                 From Samuel Goudsmit, March 11, 1953 \\
                 To Samuel Goudsmit, March 24, 1953 \\
                 From George Kistiakowsky, September 29, 1953 \\
                 To George Kistiakowsky, September 30, 1953 \\
                 From Arthur Compton, December 2, 1953 \\
                 To Arthur Compton, December 14, 1953 \\
                 From Owen Chamberlain, February 2, 1954 \\
                 Chapter 5 Research: Selections from the Archives \\
                 International House application, June 10, 1940 \\
                 Editors comment 2 \\
                 To Walter Bartky, December 3, 1945 \\
                 Editor's comment 3 \\
                 Photograph of original members of the Institute for
                 Nuclear Studies \\
                 Institute for Nuclear Studies members, 1950 \\
                 Editor's comment 4 \\
                 Genesis of theory of cosmic ray acceleration,
                 1948--1949 \\
                 Editor's comment 5 \\
                 Summary page from data book on meson-nucleon
                 scattering, February 1952 \\
                 Editor's comment 6 \\
                 Program for calculation of cyclotron orbits on the
                 Maniac computer, 1951 \\
                 Editor's comment 7 \\
                 Quantum mechanics exam, spring quarter 1954 \\
                 Editor's comment 8 \\
                 ``The Future of Nuclear Physics,' Rochester, January
                 10, 1952 \\
                 Speech outline, January 30, 1954 \\
                 Chapter 6 Reminiscences of Fermi's Faculty and Research
                 Colleagues, 1945--1954 \\
                 Richard Garwin: Working with Fermi at Chicago and
                 Postwar Los Alamos \\
                 Murray Gell-Mann: No Shortage of Memories \\
                 Marvin Goldberger: Enrico Fermi (1901--1954): The
                 Complete Physicist \\
                 Roger Hildebrand: Fermi's Classrooms \\
                 Darragh Nagle: With Fermi at Columbia, Chicago, and Los
                 Alamos \\
                 Valentine Telegdi: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\
                 Albert Wattenberg: Fermi as My Chauffeur (Fermi at
                 Argonne National Laboratory and Chicago, 1946--1948)
                 \\
                 Courtenay Wright: Fermi in Action \\
                 Chapter 7 Reminiscences of Fermi's Students, 1945--1954
                 \\
                 Harold Agnew: A Snapshot of My Interaction with Fermi
                 \\
                 Owen Chamberlain: A Brief Reminiscence of Enrico Fermi
                 \\
                 Geoffrey Chew: Personal Recollections from 1944--1948
                 \\
                 George Farwell: Reminiscences of Fermi \\
                 Uri Haber-Schaim: Fermi in Varenna, Summer 1954 \\
                 T. D. Lee: Reminiscences of Chicago Days \\
                 Jay Orear: My First Meetings with Fermi \\
                 Arthur Rosenfeld: Reminiscences of Fermi \\
                 Robert Schluter: Some Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\
                 Jack Steinberger: Fermi and My Graduate Years at
                 Chicago: Happy Reminiscences \\
                 Chapter 8 Reminiscences of Students of the Fermi
                 Period, 1945--1954 \\
                 Nina Byers: Fermi and Szilard \\
                 Jerome Friedman: A Student's View of Fermi \\
                 Maurice Glicksman: Enrico Fermi: Teacher, Colleague,
                 Mentor \\
                 Marshall Rosenbluth: A Young Man Encounters Enrico
                 Fermi \\
                 Lincoln Wolfenstein: Fermi Interactions \\
                 C. N. Yang: Reminiscences of Enrico Fermi \\
                 Gaurang Yodh: This Account Is Not According to the
                 Mahabharata! \\
                 Chapter 9 What Can We Learn with High Energy
                 Accelerators? \\
                 James W. Cronin: Fermi's Look into His Crystal Ball \\
                 Further Reading \\
                 List of Contributors",
}


bibtype: proceedings
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Kelly:2004:RMP
editor: Cynthia C. Kelly
booktitle: Remembering the Manhattan Project: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy
title: Remembering the Manhattan Project: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy
publisher: pub-WORLD-SCI
address: pub-WORLD-SCI:adr
pages: xi + 188
year: 2004
ISBN: 981-256-040-8 OR 9812560408
ISBN13: 978-981-256-040-7 OR 9789812560407
LCCN: QC773.A1 R46 2004
bibdate: Thu Dec 22 08:45:44 MST 2005
bibtimestamp: 2005.12.22 08:45:44 MST
subject: Atomic bomb; United States; History
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy
raweditor: Cynthia C. Kelly
rawtitle: Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90

remark:
Symposium held Saturday, April 27, 2002, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA. Part I. A report on the proceedings of the Atomic Heritage Foundation's Symposium on the Manhattan Project. Part II. A plan for preserving the Manhattan Project.

TOC:
Part I: A report on the proceedings 1: A History Worth Preserving / 3 Opening remarks / Senator Jeff Bingaman / 5 Opening remarks / Dr. Everet H. Beckner / 9 Preserving the history of the Manhattan project / Cynthia C. Kelly / 13 2: The Manhattan Project --- a Millennial Transformation / 15 The atomic bomb in the Second World War / Richard Rhodes / 17 The Manhattan project: an extraordinary achievement of the ``American way'' / Stephane Groueff / 31 3: The Allies and the Atomic Bomb / 39 A tale of two documents / Andrew Brown / 41 A footnote on Hiroshima and atomic morality: Conant, Niebuhr, and an ``emotional'' clergyman, 1945--46 / James G. Hershberg / 47 A Los Alamos beginning / Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin / 53 4: The Military and Science in the Crucible of War / 61 General Leslie R. Groves and the scientists / Robert S. Norris / 63 Science in the service of the state: the cautionary tale of Robert Oppenheimer / Gregg Herken / 69 Leo Szilard: baiting brass hats / William Lanouette / 73--77 5: Speaking from Experience / 79 SEDs at Los Alamos: a personal memoir / Benjamin Bederson / 81 Some experiences at the Met: lab and what could be learned from a highly successful and challenging project / Jerome Karle / 89 My first professional assignment / Isabella Karle / 93 Triumph and tragedy: the odyssey of J. R. Oppenheimer --- a personal perspective / Maurice M. Shapiro / 97 6: Lessons of the Manhattan Project for the 2l5t Century / 101 Then and now / Maxine Singer / 103 The Manhattan project: qualitative or quantitative change? / Stephen Younger / 107 Expertise and independence: the role of the science advisor / Richard L. Garwin / 111 The future of nuclear deterrence / Richard Rhodes / 117 7: Closing Reflections / 121 Reflections on the Manhattan Project: consequences and repercussions / Dr. James Schlesinger / 123 Appendix A: Program / 131 Appendix B: Participants / 135 Part II: A plan for preserving the Manhattan project / 141 Preserving America: a strategy for the Manhattan project / 141 Evaluation of the Manhattan Project Properties / 143 Basis for Recommendations / 147 Cross-cutting recommendations / 148 1. Special Resource Study for National Park Units / 148 2. Oral Histories of Manhattan Project Veterans / 149 3. Preservation and Storage of Equipment, Artifacts and Documents / 149 Preservation strategies for the Manhattan project: two options / 150 The Essential Manhattan Project (Option A) / 151 Oak Ridge: Isotope Separation and Reactor Operations / 151 Hanford: Plutonium Production / 153 Los Alamos: Designing, Building and Testing the Bomb / 155 The Trinity Site / 156 The Enriched Manhattan Project (Option B) / 156 Oak Ridge / 157 Hanford / 157 Los Alamos / 158 Trinity Site / 158 University of Chicago / 159 University of California, Berkeley / 159 Columbia University / 159 Appendix A. Description of Manhattan Project properties / 161 1. Oak Ridge, Tennessee / 161 K-25 Footprint (Isotope Separation) / 161 Roosevelt Cell (Isotope Separation) / 162 K-29 as Described in the O. R. White Paper (Isotope Separation) / 162 Beta 3 Electromagnetic Separation Racetracks at Y-12 (Isotope Separation) / 162 Building 9731, Known as the Y-12 Pilot Plant (Isotope Separation and Research) / 163 X-10 Graphite Reactor (Reactor Operations) / 163 American Museum of Science and Energy / 164 2. Hanford, Washington / 164 B Reactor (Fuel Irradiation) / 164 T Plant (Chemical Separation) / 166 T Plant Exhaust Stack (Chemical Separation) / 167 Process Control Laboratory (Chemical Separation) / 167 Concentration Building (Chemical Separation) / 167 Plutonium Isolation Building (Chemical Separation) / 168 Test Pile/Hot Cell Verification Building (Research and Development) / 168 Separations Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 Radiochemistry Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 Fresh Metal Storage Building (Fuel Manufacturing) / 169 Metallurgical Engineering Laboratory (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / Metal Fuels Fabrication Facility (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / River Pump House (Fuel Irradiation) 169 / Lag Storage Building (Fuel Irradiation) 170 / Plutonium Vaults (Product Storage) 170 / 3. Los Alamos, New Mexico 170 / ``Gun Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / ``V Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / Concrete Bowl (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / Louis Slatin Accident Building (Biomedical/Health Physics) / 172 / Quonset Hut TA-22-1 (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / East Guard Tower (Security) / 173 / Pond Cabin (Administrative and Social History) / 173 / Trinity Test Site (Weapons Research and Development) / 173 / Feature Article: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 175 / Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive Super-bomb / Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls / 177--180 Index / 181

rawTOC:
Part I: A report on the proceedings \\ 1: A History Worth Preserving / 3 \\ Opening remarks / Senator Jeff Bingaman / 5 \\ Opening remarks / Dr. Everet H. Beckner / 9 \\ Preserving the history of the Manhattan project / Cynthia C. Kelly / 13 \\ 2: The Manhattan Project --- a Millennial Transformation / 15 \\ The atomic bomb in the Second World War / Richard Rhodes / 17 \\ The Manhattan project: an extraordinary achievement of the ``American way'' / Stephane Groueff / 31 \\ 3: The Allies and the Atomic Bomb / 39 \\ A tale of two documents / Andrew Brown / 41 \\ A footnote on Hiroshima and atomic morality: Conant, Niebuhr, and an ``emotional'' clergyman, 1945--46 / James G. Hershberg / 47 \\ A Los Alamos beginning / Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin / 53 \\ 4: The Military and Science in the Crucible of War / 61 \\ General Leslie R. Groves and the scientists / Robert S. Norris / 63 \\ Science in the service of the state: the cautionary tale of Robert Oppenheimer / Gregg Herken / 69 \\ Leo Szilard: baiting brass hats / William Lanouette / 73--77 \\ 5: Speaking from Experience / 79 \\ SEDs at Los Alamos: a personal memoir / Benjamin Bederson / 81 \\ Some experiences at the Met: lab and what could be learned from a highly successful and challenging project / Jerome Karle / 89 \\ My first professional assignment / Isabella Karle / 93 \\ Triumph and tragedy: the odyssey of J. R. Oppenheimer --- a personal perspective / Maurice M. Shapiro / 97 \\ 6: Lessons of the Manhattan Project for the 2l5t Century / 101 \\ Then and now / Maxine Singer / 103 \\ The Manhattan project: qualitative or quantitative change? / Stephen Younger / 107 \\ Expertise and independence: the role of the science advisor / Richard L. Garwin / 111 \\ The future of nuclear deterrence / Richard Rhodes / 117 \\ 7: Closing Reflections / 121 \\ Reflections on the Manhattan Project: consequences and repercussions / Dr. James Schlesinger / 123 \\ Appendix A: Program / 131 \\ Appendix B: Participants / 135 \\ Part II: A plan for preserving the Manhattan project / 141 \\ Preserving America: a strategy for the Manhattan project / 141 \\ Evaluation of the Manhattan Project Properties / 143 \ Basis for Recommendations / 147 \\ Cross-cutting recommendations / 148 \\ 1. Special Resource Study for National Park Units / 148 \\ 2. Oral Histories of Manhattan Project Veterans / 149 \\ 3. Preservation and Storage of Equipment, Artifacts and Documents / 149 \\ Preservation strategies for the Manhattan project: two options / 150 \\ The Essential Manhattan Project (Option A) / 151 \\ Oak Ridge: Isotope Separation and Reactor Operations / 151 \\ Hanford: Plutonium Production / 153 \\ Los Alamos: Designing, Building and Testing the Bomb / 155 \\ The Trinity Site / 156 \\ The Enriched Manhattan Project (Option B) / 156 \\ Oak Ridge / 157 \\ Hanford / 157 \\ Los Alamos / 158 \\ Trinity Site / 158 \\ University of Chicago / 159 \\ University of California, Berkeley / 159 \\ Columbia University / 159 \\ Appendix A. Description of Manhattan Project properties / 161 \\ 1. Oak Ridge, Tennessee / 161 \\ K-25 Footprint (Isotope Separation) / 161 \\ Roosevelt Cell (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ K-29 as Described in the O. R. White Paper (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ Beta 3 Electromagnetic Separation Racetracks at Y-12 (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\ Building 9731, Known as the Y-12 Pilot Plant (Isotope Separation and Research) / 163 \\ X-10 Graphite Reactor (Reactor Operations) / 163 \\ American Museum of Science and Energy / 164 \\ 2. Hanford, Washington / 164 \\ B Reactor (Fuel Irradiation) / 164 \\ T Plant (Chemical Separation) / 166 \\ T Plant Exhaust Stack (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Process Control Laboratory (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Concentration Building (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\ Plutonium Isolation Building (Chemical Separation) / 168 \\ Test Pile/Hot Cell Verification Building (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Separations Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Radiochemistry Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168 \\ Fresh Metal Storage Building (Fuel Manufacturing) / 169 \\ Metallurgical Engineering Laboratory (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / \\ Metal Fuels Fabrication Facility (Fuel Manufacturing) 169 / \\ River Pump House (Fuel Irradiation) 169 / \\ Lag Storage Building (Fuel Irradiation) 170 / \\ Plutonium Vaults (Product Storage) 170 / \\ 3. Los Alamos, New Mexico 170 / \\ ``Gun Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / \\ ``V Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 / \\ Concrete Bowl (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / \\ Louis Slatin Accident Building (Biomedical/Health Physics) / 172 / \\ Quonset Hut TA-22-1 (Weapons Research and Development) / 172 / \\ East Guard Tower (Security) / 173 / \\ Pond Cabin (Administrative and Social History) / 173 / \\ Trinity Test Site (Weapons Research and Development) / 173 / \\ Feature Article: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 175 / \\ Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive Super-bomb / Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls / 177--180 \\ Index / 181

entry:
@Proceedings{Kelly:2004:RMP,
  editor =       "Cynthia C. Kelly",
  booktitle =    "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on
                 the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy",
  title =        "Remembering the {Manhattan Project}: Perspectives on
                 the Making of the Atomic Bomb and Its Legacy",
  publisher =    pub-WORLD-SCI,
  address =      pub-WORLD-SCI:adr,
  pages =        "xi + 188",
  year =         "2004",
  ISBN =         "981-256-040-8",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-981-256-040-7",
  LCCN =         "QC773.A1 R46 2004",
  bibdate =      "Thu Dec 22 08:45:44 MST 2005",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 melvyl.cdlib.org:210/CDL90",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Symposium held Saturday, April 27, 2002, Carnegie
                 Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA. Part I.
                 A report on the proceedings of the Atomic Heritage
                 Foundation's Symposium on the Manhattan Project. Part
                 II. A plan for preserving the Manhattan Project.",
  subject =      "Atomic bomb; United States; History",
  tableofcontents = "Part I: A report on the proceedings \\
                 1: A History Worth Preserving / 3 \\
                 Opening remarks / Senator Jeff Bingaman / 5 \\
                 Opening remarks / Dr. Everet H. Beckner / 9 \\
                 Preserving the history of the Manhattan project /
                 Cynthia C. Kelly / 13 \\
                 2: The Manhattan Project --- a Millennial
                 Transformation / 15 \\
                 The atomic bomb in the Second World War / Richard
                 Rhodes / 17 \\
                 The Manhattan project: an extraordinary achievement of
                 the ``American way'' / Stephane Groueff / 31 \\
                 3: The Allies and the Atomic Bomb / 39 \\
                 A tale of two documents / Andrew Brown / 41 \\
                 A footnote on Hiroshima and atomic morality: Conant,
                 Niebuhr, and an ``emotional'' clergyman, 1945--46 /
                 James G. Hershberg / 47 \\
                 A Los Alamos beginning / Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin /
                 53 \\
                 4: The Military and Science in the Crucible of War / 61
                 \\
                 General Leslie R. Groves and the scientists / Robert S.
                 Norris / 63 \\
                 Science in the service of the state: the cautionary
                 tale of Robert Oppenheimer / Gregg Herken / 69 \\
                 Leo Szilard: baiting brass hats / William Lanouette /
                 73--77 \\
                 5: Speaking from Experience / 79 \\
                 SEDs at Los Alamos: a personal memoir / Benjamin
                 Bederson / 81 \\
                 Some experiences at the Met: lab and what could be
                 learned from a highly successful and challenging
                 project / Jerome Karle / 89 \\
                 My first professional assignment / Isabella Karle / 93
                 \\
                 Triumph and tragedy: the odyssey of J. R. Oppenheimer
                 --- a personal perspective / Maurice M. Shapiro / 97
                 \\
                 6: Lessons of the Manhattan Project for the 2l5t
                 Century / 101 \\
                 Then and now / Maxine Singer / 103 \\
                 The Manhattan project: qualitative or quantitative
                 change? / Stephen Younger / 107 \\
                 Expertise and independence: the role of the science
                 advisor / Richard L. Garwin / 111 \\
                 The future of nuclear deterrence / Richard Rhodes / 117
                 \\
                 7: Closing Reflections / 121 \\
                 Reflections on the Manhattan Project: consequences and
                 repercussions / Dr. James Schlesinger / 123 \\
                 Appendix A: Program / 131 \\
                 Appendix B: Participants / 135 \\
                 Part II: A plan for preserving the Manhattan project /
                 141 \\
                 Preserving America: a strategy for the Manhattan
                 project / 141 \\
                 Evaluation of the Manhattan Project Properties / 143 \
                 Basis for Recommendations / 147 \\
                 Cross-cutting recommendations / 148 \\
                 1. Special Resource Study for National Park Units / 148
                 \\
                 2. Oral Histories of Manhattan Project Veterans / 149
                 \\
                 3. Preservation and Storage of Equipment, Artifacts and
                 Documents / 149 \\
                 Preservation strategies for the Manhattan project: two
                 options / 150 \\
                 The Essential Manhattan Project (Option A) / 151 \\
                 Oak Ridge: Isotope Separation and Reactor Operations /
                 151 \\
                 Hanford: Plutonium Production / 153 \\
                 Los Alamos: Designing, Building and Testing the Bomb /
                 155 \\
                 The Trinity Site / 156 \\
                 The Enriched Manhattan Project (Option B) / 156 \\
                 Oak Ridge / 157 \\
                 Hanford / 157 \\
                 Los Alamos / 158 \\
                 Trinity Site / 158 \\
                 University of Chicago / 159 \\
                 University of California, Berkeley / 159 \\
                 Columbia University / 159 \\
                 Appendix A. Description of Manhattan Project properties
                 / 161 \\
                 1. Oak Ridge, Tennessee / 161 \\
                 K-25 Footprint (Isotope Separation) / 161 \\
                 Roosevelt Cell (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\
                 K-29 as Described in the O. R. White Paper (Isotope
                 Separation) / 162 \\
                 Beta 3 Electromagnetic Separation Racetracks at Y-12
                 (Isotope Separation) / 162 \\
                 Building 9731, Known as the Y-12 Pilot Plant (Isotope
                 Separation and Research) / 163 \\
                 X-10 Graphite Reactor (Reactor Operations) / 163 \\
                 American Museum of Science and Energy / 164 \\
                 2. Hanford, Washington / 164 \\
                 B Reactor (Fuel Irradiation) / 164 \\
                 T Plant (Chemical Separation) / 166 \\
                 T Plant Exhaust Stack (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\
                 Process Control Laboratory (Chemical Separation) / 167
                 \\
                 Concentration Building (Chemical Separation) / 167 \\
                 Plutonium Isolation Building (Chemical Separation) /
                 168 \\
                 Test Pile/Hot Cell Verification Building (Research and
                 Development) / 168 \\
                 Separations Laboratory (Research and Development) / 168
                 \\
                 Radiochemistry Laboratory (Research and Development) /
                 168 \\
                 Fresh Metal Storage Building (Fuel Manufacturing) / 169
                 \\
                 Metallurgical Engineering Laboratory (Fuel
                 Manufacturing) 169 / \\
                 Metal Fuels Fabrication Facility (Fuel Manufacturing)
                 169 / \\
                 River Pump House (Fuel Irradiation) 169 / \\
                 Lag Storage Building (Fuel Irradiation) 170 / \\
                 Plutonium Vaults (Product Storage) 170 / \\
                 3. Los Alamos, New Mexico 170 / \\
                 ``Gun Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 /
                 \\
                 ``V Site'' (Weapons Research and Development) / 171 /
                 \\
                 Concrete Bowl (Weapons Research and Development) / 172
                 / \\
                 Louis Slatin Accident Building (Biomedical/Health
                 Physics) / 172 / \\
                 Quonset Hut TA-22-1 (Weapons Research and Development)
                 / 172 / \\
                 East Guard Tower (Security) / 173 / \\
                 Pond Cabin (Administrative and Social History) / 173 /
                 \\
                 Trinity Test Site (Weapons Research and Development) /
                 173 / \\
                 Feature Article: The Frisch--Peierls Memorandum / 175 /
                 \\
                 Memorandum on the Properties of a Radioactive
                 Super-bomb / Otto R. Frisch and Rudolf Peierls / 177--180
                 \\
                 Index / 181",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Masters:2007:OWN
editor: Dexter Masters and Katharine Way
booktitle: One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb
title: One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb
publisher: New Press
address: New York, NY, USA
pages: xx + 220
year: 2007
ISBN: 1-59558-227-4 (hardcover) OR 1595582274 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-1-59558-227-0 (hardcover) OR 9781595582270 (hardcover)
LCCN: UG1282.A8 O54 2007
bibdate: Thu Sep 15 14:06:49 MDT 2011
bibtimestamp: 2011.09.15 14:06:49 MDT
note: Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of cite Masters:1946:OWN.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb
raweditor: Dexter Masters and Katharine Way
rawnote: Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H. Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.
rawtitle: One world or none: a report to the public on the full meaning of the atomic bomb
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

URL:
http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1703; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0718/2007020838.htm

subject:
atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear warfare; moral and ethical aspects; scientists' writings; security, international; forecasting

TOC:
If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner The new power / Gale Young The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold There is no defense / Louis N. Ridenour The new technique of private War / E. U. Condon How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir How does it all add up? / Harold C. Urey Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann The way out / Albert Einstein Survival is at stake / The Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists

rawTOC:
If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\ It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\ Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\ The new power / Gale Young \\ The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R. Oppenheimer \\ Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\ There is no defense / Louis N. Ridenour \\ The new technique of private War / E. U. Condon \\ How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans Bethe \\ An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving Langmuir \\ How does it all add up? / Harold C. Urey \\ Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? / Leo Szilard \\ International control of atomic energy / Walter Lippmann \\ The way out / Albert Einstein \\ Survival is at stake / The Federation of American (Atomic) Scientists

entry:
@Book{Masters:2007:OWN,
  editor =       "Dexter Masters and Katharine Way",
  booktitle =    "One world or none: a report to the public on the full
                 meaning of the atomic bomb",
  title =        "One world or none: a report to the public on the full
                 meaning of the atomic bomb",
  publisher =    "New Press",
  address =      "New York, NY, USA",
  pages =        "xx + 220",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "1-59558-227-4 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-59558-227-0 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "UG1282.A8 O54 2007",
  bibdate =      "Thu Sep 15 14:06:49 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Foreword by Niels Bohr. Introduction by Arthur H.
                 Compton. Reprint of \cite{Masters:1946:OWN}.",
  URL =          "http://thenewpress.com/index.php?option=com_title&task=view_title&metaproductid=1703;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0718/2007020838.htm",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "atomic bomb; nuclear energy; nuclear weapons; nuclear
                 warfare; moral and ethical aspects; scientists'
                 writings; security, international; forecasting",
  tableofcontents = "If the bomb gets out of hand / Philip Morrison \\
                 It's an old story with the stars / Harlow Shapley \\
                 Roots of the atomic age / Eugene P. Wigner \\
                 The new power / Gale Young \\
                 The new weapon: the turn of the screw / J. R.
                 Oppenheimer \\
                 Air force in the atomic age / H. H. Arnold \\
                 There is no defense / Louis N. Ridenour \\
                 The new technique of private War / E. U. Condon \\
                 How close is the danger? / Frederick Seitz and Hans
                 Bethe \\
                 An atomic arms race and its alternatives / Irving
                 Langmuir \\
                 How does it all add up? / Harold C. Urey \\
                 Can we avert an arms race by an inspection system? /
                 Leo Szilard \\
                 International control of atomic energy / Walter
                 Lippmann \\
                 The way out / Albert Einstein \\
                 Survival is at stake / The Federation of American
                 (Atomic) Scientists",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Scully:2007:DQP
author: Robert J. Scully
booktitle: The demon and the quantum: from the Pythagorean mystics to Maxwell's demon and quantum mystery
title: The demon and the quantum: from the Pythagorean mystics to Maxwell's demon and quantum mystery
publisher: Wiley-VCH
address: Weinheim, Germany
pages: viii + 271
year: 2007
ISBN: 3-527-40688-3 (paperback) OR 3527406883 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-3-527-40688-3 (paperback) OR 9783527406883 (paperback)
LCCN: QC174.12 .S43 2007
bibdate: Sat Aug 22 11:35:22 MDT 2015
bibtimestamp: 2015.08.22 11:35:22 MDT
note: with endnotes by Marlan O. (Marlan Orvil) Scully.
subject: Quantum theory; Nuclear physics; Atomic theory; Maxwell's demon
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Robert J. Scully
rawbooktitle: The demon and the quantum: from the {Pythagorean} mystics to {Maxwell}'s demon and quantum mystery
rawnote: with endnotes by Marlan O. (Marlan Orvil) Scully.
rawtitle: The demon and the quantum: from the {Pythagorean} mystics to {Maxwell}'s demon and quantum mystery
bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

TOC:
Introduction / 1 1 Mathematics, Mysticism, and More: From Pythagoras and Plato to Pauli / 7 2 Mass in Motion: Kepler, Newton and Kelvin lay the foundations / 25 3 From Engines to Entropy: Carnot and Clausius develop the yardstick of engine efficiency / 41 4 From Statistical Entropy to Statistical Time: Thermodynamics evolves from being an engineer's coal pit to becoming a philosopher's gold mine / 55 5 Maxwell's Demon and Szilard's One Atom Engine: A heady mixture of entropy, information and consciousness / 65 6 Quantum Mechanics I: From magnets to masers / 75 7 Using Quantum Mechanics to Resolve the Maxwell Demon Paradox: Solving the demon problem with quantum mechanics but without information science, sweat or tears / 93 8 Quantum Mechanics II: The wave side of particles and the particle side of waves / 105 9 From Wigner's Friend to Quantum Eraser: Of Wigner's friends and their amnesia / 121 10 On Quantum Mechanics and the Big Questions: From quantum controversy to Pauli's spiritual complementarity / 137 Endnotes / 165 Acknowledgements / 247 Glossary / 249 Citations, Comments and Further Readings / 257 Index / 263

rawTOC:
Introduction / 1 \\ 1 Mathematics, Mysticism, and More: From Pythagoras and Plato to Pauli / 7 \\ 2 Mass in Motion: Kepler, Newton and Kelvin lay the foundations / 25 \\ 3 From Engines to Entropy: Carnot and Clausius develop the yardstick of engine efficiency / 41 \\ 4 From Statistical Entropy to Statistical Time: Thermodynamics evolves from being an engineer's coal pit to becoming a philosopher's gold mine / 55 \\ 5 Maxwell's Demon and Szilard's One Atom Engine: A heady mixture of entropy, information and consciousness / 65 \\ 6 Quantum Mechanics I: From magnets to masers / 75 \\ 7 Using Quantum Mechanics to Resolve the Maxwell Demon Paradox: Solving the demon problem with quantum mechanics but without information science, sweat or tears / 93 \\ 8 Quantum Mechanics II: The wave side of particles and the particle side of waves / 105 \\ 9 From Wigner's Friend to Quantum Eraser: Of Wigner's friends and their amnesia / 121 \\ 10 On Quantum Mechanics and the Big Questions: From quantum controversy to Pauli's spiritual complementarity / 137 \\ Endnotes / 165 \\ Acknowledgements / 247 \\ Glossary / 249 \\ Citations, Comments and Further Readings / 257 \\ Index / 263

entry:
@Book{Scully:2007:DQP,
  author =       "Robert J. Scully",
  booktitle =    "The demon and the quantum: from the {Pythagorean}
                 mystics to {Maxwell}'s demon and quantum mystery",
  title =        "The demon and the quantum: from the {Pythagorean}
                 mystics to {Maxwell}'s demon and quantum mystery",
  publisher =    "Wiley-VCH",
  address =      "Weinheim, Germany",
  pages =        "viii + 271",
  year =         "2007",
  ISBN =         "3-527-40688-3 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-3-527-40688-3 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "QC174.12 .S43 2007",
  bibdate =      "Sat Aug 22 11:35:22 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "with endnotes by Marlan O. (Marlan Orvil) Scully.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Quantum theory; Nuclear physics; Atomic theory;
                 Maxwell's demon",
  tableofcontents = "Introduction / 1 \\
                 1 Mathematics, Mysticism, and More: From Pythagoras and
                 Plato to Pauli / 7 \\
                 2 Mass in Motion: Kepler, Newton and Kelvin lay the
                 foundations / 25 \\
                 3 From Engines to Entropy: Carnot and Clausius develop
                 the yardstick of engine efficiency / 41 \\
                 4 From Statistical Entropy to Statistical Time:
                 Thermodynamics evolves from being an engineer's coal
                 pit to becoming a philosopher's gold mine / 55 \\
                 5 Maxwell's Demon and Szilard's One Atom Engine: A
                 heady mixture of entropy, information and consciousness
                 / 65 \\
                 6 Quantum Mechanics I: From magnets to masers / 75 \\
                 7 Using Quantum Mechanics to Resolve the Maxwell Demon
                 Paradox: Solving the demon problem with quantum
                 mechanics but without information science, sweat or
                 tears / 93 \\
                 8 Quantum Mechanics II: The wave side of particles and
                 the particle side of waves / 105 \\
                 9 From Wigner's Friend to Quantum Eraser: Of Wigner's
                 friends and their amnesia / 121 \\
                 10 On Quantum Mechanics and the Big Questions: From
                 quantum controversy to Pauli's spiritual
                 complementarity / 137 \\
                 Endnotes / 165 \\
                 Acknowledgements / 247 \\
                 Glossary / 249 \\
                 Citations, Comments and Further Readings / 257 \\
                 Index / 263",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Hargittai:2010:JET
author: Istvan Hargittai
publisher: pub-PROMETHEUS-BOOKS
address: pub-PROMETHEUS-BOOKS:adr
pages: 575
year: 2010
ISBN: 1-61614-221-9 (hardcover) OR 1616142219 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-1-61614-221-6 (hardcover) OR 9781616142216 (hardcover)
LCCN: QC16.T37 H37 2010
bibdate: Thu Oct 6 06:57:45 MDT 2011
bibtimestamp: 2011.10.06 06:57:45 MDT
note: Afterword by Richard Garwin.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1908--2003
rawauthor: Istv{\'a}n Hargittai
rawnote: Afterword by Richard Garwin.
booktitle:
Judging Edward Teller: a closer look at one of the most influential scientists of the Twentieth Century

title:
Judging Edward Teller: a closer look at one of the most influential scientists of the Twentieth Century

bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

subject:
Teller, Edward; Physicists; United States; Biography; Scientists; Hungarian Americans; Atomic bomb; History

TOC:
Teller in Hungary: origins and background Germany: road to science Transitions Atomic bomb quest No calm before the storm Fathering the hydrogen bomb From worrier to warrior Double tragedy: Teller and Oppenheimer Fallout and test ban ``A monomaniac with many manias'' Warring the stars Final thoughts

rawbooktitle:
Judging {Edward Teller}: a closer look at one of the most influential scientists of the {Twentieth Century}

rawtitle:
Judging {Edward Teller}: a closer look at one of the most influential scientists of the {Twentieth Century}

rawTOC:
Teller in Hungary: origins and background \\ Germany: road to science \\ Transitions \\ Atomic bomb quest \\ No calm before the storm \\ Fathering the hydrogen bomb \\ From worrier to warrior \\ Double tragedy: Teller and Oppenheimer \\ Fallout and test ban \\ ``A monomaniac with many manias'' \\ Warring the stars \\ Final thoughts

entry:
@Book{Hargittai:2010:JET,
  author =       "Istv{\'a}n Hargittai",
  booktitle =    "Judging {Edward Teller}: a closer look at one of the
                 most influential scientists of the {Twentieth
                 Century}",
  title =        "Judging {Edward Teller}: a closer look at one of the
                 most influential scientists of the {Twentieth
                 Century}",
  publisher =    pub-PROMETHEUS-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-PROMETHEUS-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "575",
  year =         "2010",
  ISBN =         "1-61614-221-9 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-61614-221-6 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "QC16.T37 H37 2010",
  bibdate =      "Thu Oct 6 06:57:45 MDT 2011",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/m/metropolis-nicholas.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/o/oppenheimer-j-robert.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/t/teller-edward.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/bullatsci.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Afterword by Richard Garwin.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Teller, Edward; Physicists; United States; Biography;
                 Scientists; Hungarian Americans; Atomic bomb; History",
  subject-dates = "1908--2003",
  tableofcontents = "Teller in Hungary: origins and background \\
                 Germany: road to science \\
                 Transitions \\
                 Atomic bomb quest \\
                 No calm before the storm \\
                 Fathering the hydrogen bomb \\
                 From worrier to warrior \\
                 Double tragedy: Teller and Oppenheimer \\
                 Fallout and test ban \\
                 ``A monomaniac with many manias'' \\
                 Warring the stars \\
                 Final thoughts",
}


bibtype: proceedings
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Marks:2011:DLP
editor: Shula Marks and Paul Weindling and Laura Wintour
booktitle: In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s
title: In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s
volume: 169
publisher: pub-OXFORD
address: pub-OXFORD:adr
pages: xx + 320
year: 2011
ISBN: 0-19-726481-6 OR 0197264816
ISBN13: 978-0-19-726481-2 OR 9780197264812
LCCN: HV640.4.G7 I55 2011
bibdate: Fri Jan 11 13:09:50 MST 2013
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2013.01.11 13:09:50 MST
note: Published for the British Academy.
series: Proceedings of the British Academy
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawbooktitle: {In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}
raweditor: Shula Marks and Paul Weindling and Laura Wintour
rawnote: Published for the British Academy.
rawtitle: {In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-b.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-t.html

remark:
Contributions given at a conference held at the British Academy on 3--4 December 2008, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic Assistance Council (AAC) in 1933, later the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) (1936-98) and now the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics (CARA).

subject:
Refugees; History; 20th century; Political refugees; Great Britain; College teachers; World War, 1939-1945; Vluchtelingen; Academici

entry:
@Proceedings{Marks:2011:DLP,
  editor =       "Shula Marks and Paul Weindling and Laura Wintour",
  booktitle =    "{In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and
                 placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}",
  title =        "{In defence of learning: the plight, persecution, and
                 placement of academic refugees, 1933-1980s}",
  volume =       "169",
  publisher =    pub-OXFORD,
  address =      pub-OXFORD:adr,
  pages =        "xx + 320",
  year =         "2011",
  ISBN =         "0-19-726481-6",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-19-726481-2",
  LCCN =         "HV640.4.G7 I55 2011",
  bibdate =      "Fri Jan 11 13:09:50 MST 2013",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  note =         "Published for the British Academy.",
  series =       "Proceedings of the British Academy",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-b.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1205/2011284500-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Contributions given at a conference held at the
                 British Academy on 3--4 December 2008, to celebrate the
                 75th anniversary of the founding of the Academic
                 Assistance Council (AAC) in 1933, later the Society for
                 the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL) (1936-98)
                 and now the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics
                 (CARA).",
  subject =      "Refugees; History; 20th century; Political refugees;
                 Great Britain; College teachers; World War, 1939-1945;
                 Vluchtelingen; Academici",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Schils:2012:HJW
author: Rene Schils
booktitle: How James Watt invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists
title: How James Watt invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: vii + 170
year: 2012
ISBN: 1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 1-4614-0860-1 (e-book) OR 1461408598 (softcover), 1461408601 (ebook)
LCCN: T15 .S35513 2012
bibdate: Wed May 30 08:42:14 MDT 2012
bibtimestamp: 2012.05.30 08:42:14 MDT
subject: Inventions; History; Science; Inventors; Biography; Scientists
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Ren{\'e} Schils
rawbooktitle: How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists
rawtitle: How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten inventions of our great scientists
ISBN13:
978-1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 978-1-4614-0860-4 (e-book) OR 9781461408598 (softcover), 9781461408604 (ebook)

bibsource:
http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager

TOC:
Johannes Kepler Robert Hooke Edmond Halley Daniel Bernoulli Benjamin Franklin Joseph Priestly James Watt Edward Jenner John Dalton Thomas Young Justus von Liebig Charles Darwin William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) James Clerk Maxwell Alexander Graham Bell Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Svante Arrhenius Pierre Curie Walther Nernst Albert Einstein Harlow Shapley Erwin Schrodinger Enrico Fermi Rosalind Franklin George Gamow

rawTOC:
Johannes Kepler \\ Robert Hooke \\ Edmond Halley \\ Daniel Bernoulli \\ Benjamin Franklin \\ Joseph Priestly \\ James Watt \\ Edward Jenner \\ John Dalton \\ Thomas Young \\ Justus von Liebig \\ Charles Darwin \\ William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) \\ James Clerk Maxwell \\ Alexander Graham Bell \\ Hendrik Antoon Lorentz \\ Svante Arrhenius \\ Pierre Curie \\ Walther Nernst \\ Albert Einstein \\ Harlow Shapley \\ Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\ Enrico Fermi \\ Rosalind Franklin \\ George Gamow

entry:
@Book{Schils:2012:HJW,
  author =       "Ren{\'e} Schils",
  booktitle =    "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten
                 inventions of our great scientists",
  title =        "How {James Watt} invented the copier: forgotten
                 inventions of our great scientists",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "vii + 170",
  year =         "2012",
  ISBN =         "1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 1-4614-0860-1 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4614-0859-8 (softcover), 978-1-4614-0860-4
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "T15 .S35513 2012",
  bibdate =      "Wed May 30 08:42:14 MDT 2012",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Inventions; History; Science; Inventors; Biography;
                 Scientists",
  tableofcontents = "Johannes Kepler \\
                 Robert Hooke \\
                 Edmond Halley \\
                 Daniel Bernoulli \\
                 Benjamin Franklin \\
                 Joseph Priestly \\
                 James Watt \\
                 Edward Jenner \\
                 John Dalton \\
                 Thomas Young \\
                 Justus von Liebig \\
                 Charles Darwin \\
                 William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) \\
                 James Clerk Maxwell \\
                 Alexander Graham Bell \\
                 Hendrik Antoon Lorentz \\
                 Svante Arrhenius \\
                 Pierre Curie \\
                 Walther Nernst \\
                 Albert Einstein \\
                 Harlow Shapley \\
                 Erwin Schr{\"o}dinger \\
                 Enrico Fermi \\
                 Rosalind Franklin \\
                 George Gamow",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Brillouin:2013:SIT
author: Leon Brillouin
booktitle: Science and Information Theory
title: Science and Information Theory
publisher: pub-DOVER
address: pub-DOVER:adr
edition: Second
pages: xv + 351
year: 2013
ISBN: 0-486-49755-0 (paperback) OR 0486497550 (paperback)
ISBN13: 978-0-486-49755-6 (paperback) OR 9780486497556 (paperback)
LCCN: Q360 .B75 2013
bibdate: Thu May 21 08:02:52 MDT 2015
bibsource: http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager
bibtimestamp: 2015.05.21 08:02:52 MDT
keywords: Leo Szilard
remark: Republication of cite Brillouin:1956:SIT.
subject: Information theory
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
authordates: 1889--1969
rawauthor: L{\'e}on Brillouin
rawbooktitle: Science and Information Theory
rawtitle: Science and Information Theory
URL:
http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1307/2012051388-d.html; http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1318/2012051388-t.html

TOC:
Preface Introduction 1. The Definition of Information 2. Applications of the Definitions and General Discussion 3. Redundancy in the English Language 4. Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of a Channel 5. Coding Problems 6. Error Detecting and Correcting Codes 7. Applications to Some Special Problems 8. The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling Procedure 9. Summary of Thermodynamics 10. Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion 11. Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's Formula 12. The Negentropy Principle of Information 13. Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of Information 14. The Negentropy Principle of Information in General Physics 15. Observation and Information 16. Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and Physical Limits of Observation 17. The Negentropy Principle of Information in Telecommunications 18. Writing, Printing, and Reading 19. The Problem of Computing 20. Information, Organization, and Other Problems 21. Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information 22. The Problem of Very Small Distances Author Index Subject Index Books Published by L. Brillouin

rawTOC:
Preface \\ Introduction \\ 1. The Definition of Information \\ 2. Applications of the Definitions and General Discussion \\ 3. Redundancy in the English Language \\ 4. Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of a Channel \\ 5. Coding Problems \\ 6. Error Detecting and Correcting Codes \\ 7. Applications to Some Special Problems \\ 8. The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling Procedure \\ 9. Summary of Thermodynamics \\ 10. Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion \\ 11. Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's Formula \\ 12. The Negentropy Principle of Information \\ 13. Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of Information \\ 14. The Negentropy Principle of Information in General Physics \\ 15. Observation and Information \\ 16. Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and Physical Limits of Observation \\ 17. The Negentropy Principle of Information in Telecommunications \\ 18. Writing, Printing, and Reading \\ 19. The Problem of Computing \\ 20. Information, Organization, and Other Problems \\ 21. Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information \\ 22. The Problem of Very Small Distances \\ Author Index \\ Subject Index \\ Books Published by L. Brillouin

entry:
@Book{Brillouin:2013:SIT,
  author =       "L{\'e}on Brillouin",
  booktitle =    "Science and Information Theory",
  title =        "Science and Information Theory",
  publisher =    pub-DOVER,
  address =      pub-DOVER:adr,
  edition =      "Second",
  pages =        "xv + 351",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-486-49755-0 (paperback)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-486-49755-6 (paperback)",
  LCCN =         "Q360 .B75 2013",
  bibdate =      "Thu May 21 08:02:52 MDT 2015",
  bibsource =    "http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 z3950.loc.gov:7090/Voyager",
  URL =          "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1307/2012051388-d.html;
                 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1318/2012051388-t.html",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  author-dates = "1889--1969",
  keywords =     "Leo Szilard",
  remark =       "Republication of \cite{Brillouin:1956:SIT}.",
  subject =      "Information theory",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Introduction \\
                 1. The Definition of Information \\
                 2. Applications of the Definitions and General
                 Discussion \\
                 3. Redundancy in the English Language \\
                 4. Principles of Coding, Discussion of the Capacity of
                 a Channel \\
                 5. Coding Problems \\
                 6. Error Detecting and Correcting Codes \\
                 7. Applications to Some Special Problems \\
                 8. The Analysis of Signals: Fourier Method and Sampling
                 Procedure \\
                 9. Summary of Thermodynamics \\
                 10. Thermal Agitation and Brownian Motion \\
                 11. Thermal Noise in an Electric Circuit; Nyquist's
                 Formula \\
                 12. The Negentropy Principle of Information \\
                 13. Maxwell's Demon and the Negentropy Principle of
                 Information \\
                 14. The Negentropy Principle of Information in General
                 Physics \\
                 15. Observation and Information \\
                 16. Information Theory, the Uncertainty Principle, and
                 Physical Limits of Observation \\
                 17. The Negentropy Principle of Information in
                 Telecommunications \\
                 18. Writing, Printing, and Reading \\
                 19. The Problem of Computing \\
                 20. Information, Organization, and Other Problems \\
                 21. Inevitable Errors, Determinism, and Information \\
                 22. The Problem of Very Small Distances \\
                 Author Index \\
                 Subject Index \\
                 Books Published by L. Brillouin",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Farmelo:2013:CBHa
author: Graham Farmelo
booktitle: Churchill's bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics
title: Churchill's bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics
publisher: pub-FABER-FABER
address: pub-FABER-FABER:adr
pages: x + 554 + 12
year: 2013
ISBN: 0-571-24978-7 (hardcover) OR 0571249787 (hardcover)
ISBN13: 978-0-571-24978-7 (hardcover) OR 9780571249787 (hardcover)
bibdate: Fri Oct 31 06:10:37 MDT 2014
bibtimestamp: 2014.10.31 06:10:37 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1874--1965 (WSC); 1886--1957 (FAL)
rawauthor: Graham Farmelo
rawbooktitle: {Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics
rawtitle: {Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war and politics
bibsource:
fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib

subject:
Churchill, Winston; (Winston Leonard Spencer); Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (Viscount Lord Cherwell) (The `Prof'); Prime ministers; Great Britain; Biography; World War, 1939--1945; Science; Atomic bomb; Kernwapenpolitiek; Kernwapens; Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannie en Noord-Ierland

TOC:
Dedication List of Plates Epigraphs Prologue February 1955 Churchill, his nuclear scientists and the bomb 1: Towards the Nuclear Age 1894--1925 Wells and his liberating `atomic bombs' 1924--1932 Churchill glimpses a nuclear future 1932 Rutherford: nuclear sceptic March 1933 to December 1934 The Prof advises a `scientist who missed his vocation' September 1933 to February 1935 Szilard's nuclear epiphany February 1934 to October 1935 Churchill fears war --- and that nuclear energy will soon be harnassed November 1938 to September 1939 Bohr thinks the Bomb is `inconceivable' 2: World War II August to December 1939 Churchill --- nuclear weapons will not be ready for the war September 1939 to February 1940 Chadwick doubts that the Bomb is viable October 1939 to July 1940 FDR receives a nuclear warning March to June 1940 Frisch and Peierls discover how to make the Bomb May and June 1940 Churchill has more pressing problems June to September 1940 Thomson and his MAUD committee debate policy on the Bomb August 1940 to August 1941 In his finest hour, Churchill begs America for help July and August 1941 Chadwick believes Britain should build its own Bomb August 1941 to January 1942 Oliphant bustles in America November 1941 to July 1942 Churchill talks about the Bomb with FDR January 1942 to January 1943 Akers attempts a merger October 1942 to July 1943 Bush aims for an American monopoly January to September 1943 Churchill's nuclear deal with FDR September 1943 to May 1944 Bohr takes a political initiative April to September 1944 The Bulldog meets the Great Dane February 1944 to July 1945 Chadwick witnesses the first nuclear explosion 1 July to 5 August 1945 Churchill says yes to dropping the Bomb 3: Churchill as Leader of the Opposition August 1945 to January 1949 Blackett: nuclear heretic August 1945 to August 1945 Churchill the Cold Warrior February and March 1950 Peierls and `the spy of the century' February 1950 to Spring 1951 Churchill softens his line on the Bomb August 1945 to October 1951 Penney delivers the British Bomb 4: Churchill's Second Premiership October 1951 to December 1952 Churchill --- Britain's first nuclear Premier 1953 Hinton engineers nuclear power March 1953 to February 1954 Churchill the nuclear missionary March to December 1954 Cockcroft becomes a confidant of the Prime Minister April 1954 to April 1955 Churchill's nuclear swansong Epilogues 1954 Onwards 1: Churchill's nuclear scientists 6 April 1955 Onwards 2: Churchill and his Prof Acknowledgements References Index Plates About the Author By the Same Author

rawTOC:
Dedication \\ List of Plates \\ Epigraphs \\ Prologue \\ February 1955 Churchill, his nuclear scientists and the bomb \\ 1: Towards the Nuclear Age \\ 1894--1925 Wells and his liberating `atomic bombs' \\ 1924--1932 Churchill glimpses a nuclear future \\ 1932 Rutherford: nuclear sceptic \\ March 1933 to December 1934 The Prof advises a `scientist who missed his vocation' \\ September 1933 to February 1935 Szil{\'a}rd's nuclear epiphany \\ February 1934 to October 1935 Churchill fears war --- and that nuclear energy will soon be harnassed \\ November 1938 to September 1939 Bohr thinks the Bomb is `inconceivable' \\ 2: World War II \\ August to December 1939 Churchill --- nuclear weapons will not be ready for the war \\ September 1939 to February 1940 Chadwick doubts that the Bomb is viable \\ October 1939 to July 1940 FDR receives a nuclear warning \\ March to June 1940 Frisch and Peierls discover how to make the Bomb \\ May and June 1940 Churchill has more pressing problems \\ June to September 1940 Thomson and his MAUD committee debate policy on the Bomb \\ August 1940 to August 1941 In his finest hour, Churchill begs America for help \\ July and August 1941 Chadwick believes Britain should build its own Bomb \\ August 1941 to January 1942 Oliphant bustles in America \\ November 1941 to July 1942 Churchill talks about the Bomb with FDR \\ January 1942 to January 1943 Akers attempts a merger \\ October 1942 to July 1943 Bush aims for an American monopoly \\ January to September 1943 Churchill's nuclear deal with FDR \\ September 1943 to May 1944 Bohr takes a political initiative \\ April to September 1944 The Bulldog meets the Great Dane \\ February 1944 to July 1945 Chadwick witnesses the first nuclear explosion \\ 1 July to 5 August 1945 Churchill says yes to dropping the Bomb \\ 3: Churchill as Leader of the Opposition \\ August 1945 to January 1949 Blackett: nuclear heretic \\ August 1945 to August 1945 Churchill the Cold Warrior \\ February and March 1950 Peierls and `the spy of the century' \\ February 1950 to Spring 1951 Churchill softens his line on the Bomb \\ August 1945 to October 1951 Penney delivers the British Bomb \\ 4: Churchill's Second Premiership \\ October 1951 to December 1952 Churchill --- Britain's first nuclear Premier \\ 1953 Hinton engineers nuclear power \\ March 1953 to February 1954 Churchill the nuclear missionary \\ March to December 1954 Cockcroft becomes a confidant of the Prime Minister \\ April 1954 to April 1955 Churchill's nuclear swansong \\ Epilogues \\ 1954 Onwards 1: Churchill's nuclear scientists \\ 6 April 1955 Onwards 2: Churchill and his Prof \\ Acknowledgements \\ References \\ Index \\ Plates \\ About the Author \\ By the Same Author

entry:
@Book{Farmelo:2013:CBHa,
  author =       "Graham Farmelo",
  booktitle =    "{Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war
                 and politics",
  title =        "{Churchill}'s bomb: a hidden history of science, war
                 and politics",
  publisher =    pub-FABER-FABER,
  address =      pub-FABER-FABER:adr,
  pages =        "x + 554 + 12",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-571-24978-7 (hardcover)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-571-24978-7 (hardcover)",
  LCCN =         "????",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 31 06:10:37 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Churchill, Winston; (Winston Leonard Spencer);
                 Lindemann, Frederick Alexander (Viscount Lord Cherwell)
                 (The `Prof'); Prime ministers; Great Britain;
                 Biography; World War, 1939--1945; Science; Atomic bomb;
                 Kernwapenpolitiek; Kernwapens; Verenigd Koninkrijk van
                 Groot-Brittanni{\"e} en Noord-Ierland",
  subject-dates = "1874--1965 (WSC); 1886--1957 (FAL)",
  tableofcontents = "Dedication \\
                 List of Plates \\
                 Epigraphs \\
                 Prologue \\
                 February 1955 Churchill, his nuclear scientists and the
                 bomb \\
                 1: Towards the Nuclear Age \\
                 1894--1925 Wells and his liberating `atomic bombs' \\
                 1924--1932 Churchill glimpses a nuclear future \\
                 1932 Rutherford: nuclear sceptic \\
                 March 1933 to December 1934 The Prof advises a
                 `scientist who missed his vocation' \\
                 September 1933 to February 1935 Szil{\'a}rd's nuclear
                 epiphany \\
                 February 1934 to October 1935 Churchill fears war ---
                 and that nuclear energy will soon be harnassed \\
                 November 1938 to September 1939 Bohr thinks the Bomb is
                 `inconceivable' \\
                 2: World War II \\
                 August to December 1939 Churchill --- nuclear weapons
                 will not be ready for the war \\
                 September 1939 to February 1940 Chadwick doubts that
                 the Bomb is viable \\
                 October 1939 to July 1940 FDR receives a nuclear
                 warning \\
                 March to June 1940 Frisch and Peierls discover how to
                 make the Bomb \\
                 May and June 1940 Churchill has more pressing problems
                 \\
                 June to September 1940 Thomson and his MAUD committee
                 debate policy on the Bomb \\
                 August 1940 to August 1941 In his finest hour,
                 Churchill begs America for help \\
                 July and August 1941 Chadwick believes Britain should
                 build its own Bomb \\
                 August 1941 to January 1942 Oliphant bustles in America
                 \\
                 November 1941 to July 1942 Churchill talks about the
                 Bomb with FDR \\
                 January 1942 to January 1943 Akers attempts a merger
                 \\
                 October 1942 to July 1943 Bush aims for an American
                 monopoly \\
                 January to September 1943 Churchill's nuclear deal with
                 FDR \\
                 September 1943 to May 1944 Bohr takes a political
                 initiative \\
                 April to September 1944 The Bulldog meets the Great
                 Dane \\
                 February 1944 to July 1945 Chadwick witnesses the first
                 nuclear explosion \\
                 1 July to 5 August 1945 Churchill says yes to dropping
                 the Bomb \\
                 3: Churchill as Leader of the Opposition \\
                 August 1945 to January 1949 Blackett: nuclear heretic
                 \\
                 August 1945 to August 1945 Churchill the Cold Warrior
                 \\
                 February and March 1950 Peierls and `the spy of the
                 century' \\
                 February 1950 to Spring 1951 Churchill softens his line
                 on the Bomb \\
                 August 1945 to October 1951 Penney delivers the British
                 Bomb \\
                 4: Churchill's Second Premiership \\
                 October 1951 to December 1952 Churchill --- Britain's
                 first nuclear Premier \\
                 1953 Hinton engineers nuclear power \\
                 March 1953 to February 1954 Churchill the nuclear
                 missionary \\
                 March to December 1954 Cockcroft becomes a confidant of
                 the Prime Minister \\
                 April 1954 to April 1955 Churchill's nuclear swansong
                 \\
                 Epilogues \\
                 1954 Onwards 1: Churchill's nuclear scientists \\
                 6 April 1955 Onwards 2: Churchill and his Prof \\
                 Acknowledgements \\
                 References \\
                 Index \\
                 Plates \\
                 About the Author \\
                 By the Same Author",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Farmelo:2013:CBHb
author: Graham Farmelo
booktitle: Churchill's bomb: how the United States overtook Britain in the first nuclear arms race
title: Churchill's bomb: how the United States overtook Britain in the first nuclear arms race
publisher: pub-BASIC-BOOKS
address: pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr
pages: vi + 554
year: 2013
ISBN: 0-465-02195-6 (hardcover), 0-465-06989-4 (e-book) OR 0465021956 (hardcover), 0465069894 (ebook)
LCCN: UA647 .F28 2013
bibdate: Fri Oct 31 07:19:01 MDT 2014
bibtimestamp: 2014.10.31 07:19:01 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
subjectdates: 1874--1965 (WSC); 1886--1957 (FAL)
rawauthor: Graham Farmelo
rawbooktitle: {Churchill}'s bomb: how the {United States} overtook {Britain} in the first nuclear arms race
rawtitle: {Churchill}'s bomb: how the {United States} overtook {Britain} in the first nuclear arms race
ISBN13:
978-0-465-02195-6 (hardcover), 978-0-465-06989-7 (e-book) OR 9780465021956 (hardcover), 9780465069897 (ebook)

bibsource:
fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib

abstract:
Describes how the science behind Britain's nuclear arms advances at the beginning of World War II was given to America because Winston Churchill didn't fully believe in the physicists' research or the implications of such powerful weaponry.

subject:
Churchill, Winston; Military leadership; Cherwell, Frederick Alexander Lindemann; Viscount; Churchill, Winston; Viscount; Churchill, Winston; World War, 1939-1945; Science; Great Britain; Nuclear weapons; Government policy; History; Atomic bomb; United States; Kernwaffe; Kernphysik; Atomic bomb; Military leadership; Military policy; Military relations; Government policy; Science; Military policy; 20th century; Military relations

TOC:
Towards the nuclear age World War II Churchill as leader of the opposition Churchill's second premiership Epilogues Acknowledgments References Notes Index

rawabstract:
Describes how the science behind Britain's nuclear arms advances at the beginning of World War II was given to America because Winston Churchill didn't fully believe in the physicists' research or the implications of such powerful weaponry.

rawTOC:
Towards the nuclear age \\ World War II \\ Churchill as leader of the opposition \\ Churchill's second premiership \\ Epilogues \\ Acknowledgments \\ References \\ Notes \\ Index

entry:
@Book{Farmelo:2013:CBHb,
  author =       "Graham Farmelo",
  booktitle =    "{Churchill}'s bomb: how the {United States} overtook
                 {Britain} in the first nuclear arms race",
  title =        "{Churchill}'s bomb: how the {United States} overtook
                 {Britain} in the first nuclear arms race",
  publisher =    pub-BASIC-BOOKS,
  address =      pub-BASIC-BOOKS:adr,
  pages =        "vi + 554",
  year =         "2013",
  ISBN =         "0-465-02195-6 (hardcover), 0-465-06989-4 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-0-465-02195-6 (hardcover), 978-0-465-06989-7
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "UA647 .F28 2013",
  bibdate =      "Fri Oct 31 07:19:01 MDT 2014",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/master.bib",
  abstract =     "Describes how the science behind Britain's nuclear
                 arms advances at the beginning of World War II was
                 given to America because Winston Churchill didn't fully
                 believe in the physicists' research or the implications
                 of such powerful weaponry.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  subject =      "Churchill, Winston; Military leadership; Cherwell,
                 Frederick Alexander Lindemann; Viscount; Churchill,
                 Winston; Viscount; Churchill, Winston; World War,
                 1939-1945; Science; Great Britain; Nuclear weapons;
                 Government policy; History; Atomic bomb; United States;
                 Kernwaffe; Kernphysik; Atomic bomb; Military
                 leadership; Military policy; Military relations;
                 Government policy; Science; Military policy; 20th
                 century; Military relations",
  subject-dates = "1874--1965 (WSC); 1886--1957 (FAL)",
  tableofcontents = "Towards the nuclear age \\
                 World War II \\
                 Churchill as leader of the opposition \\
                 Churchill's second premiership \\
                 Epilogues \\
                 Acknowledgments \\
                 References \\
                 Notes \\
                 Index",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Fernandez:2013:UMA
author: Bernard Fernandez and Georges Ripka
booktitle: Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956
title: Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956
publisher: pub-SV
address: pub-SV:adr
pages: xviii + 522
year: 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4181-6
ISBN: 1-4614-4180-3 (hardcover), 1-4614-4181-1 (e-book) OR 1461441803 (hardcover), 1461441811 (ebook)
LCCN: QC773 .F47 2013
bibdate: Mon Apr 23 15:26:52 MDT 2018
bibtimestamp: 2018.04.23 15:26:52 MDT
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Bernard Fernandez and Georges Ripka
rawbooktitle: Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956
rawtitle: Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956
ISBN13:
978-1-4614-4180-9 (hardcover), 978-1-4614-4181-6 (e-book) OR 9781461441809 (hardcover), 9781461441816 (ebook)

bibsource:
fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib

abstract:
booktitle Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus tells the story of how, in the span of barely sixty years, we made a transition from the belief that matter was composed of indivisible atoms, to the discovery that in the heart of each atom lies a nucleus which is ten thousand times smaller than the atom, which nonetheless carries almost all its mass, and the transformations of which involve energies that could never be reached by chemical reactions. It was not a smooth transition. The nature of nuclei, their properties, the physical laws which govern their behaviour, and the possibility of controlling to some extent their transformations, were discovered in discontinuous steps, following paths which occasionally led to errors which in turn were corrected by further experimental discoveries. The story begins in 1896 when radioactivity was unexpectedly discovered and continues up to the nineteen-sixties. The authors describe the spectacular progress made by physics during that time, which not only revealed a new form of matter, namely nuclei, but also modified our way of thinking by developing quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. The book is written in a clear and non mathematical language which makes it both accessible and instructive to laymen, physicists and students, as well as to historians of science. It delves into subjects which are of utmost importance for the understanding of matter in our universe and for understanding how this knowledge was achieved.

remark:
Substantially revised by the authors from the French original, booktitle De l atome au noyau. Une approche historique et de la physique nucleaire, Ellipses (2006), and viewed by them as a second edition.

subject:
Nuclear physics; History; stralingschemie; deeltjesfysica; Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general); quarks; History of physics; Nuclear chemistry; wetenschapsgeschiedenis; Physics; fysica; Nuclear physics.

TOC:
Radioactivity: The First Puzzles / 1 The ``Uranic Rays'' of Henri Becquerel / 1 The Discovery / 2 Is It Really Phosphorescence? / 4 What Is the Nature of the Radiation? / 5 A Limited Impact on Scientists and the Public / 6 Why 1896? / 7 Was Radioactivity Discovered by Chance? / 7 Polonium and Radium / 9 Marya Sklodowska / 9 Pierre Curie / 10 Polonium and Radium: Pierre and Marie Curie Invent Radiochemistry / 11 Enigmas / 14 Emanation from Thorium / 17 Ernest Rutherford / 17 Rutherford Studies Radioactivity: $alpha $- and $beta $-Rays / 18 $beta $-Rays Are Electrons / 19 Rutherford in Montreal: The Radiation of Thorium, the Exponential Decrease / 19 ``Induced'' and ``Excited'' Radioactivity / 20 Elster and Geitel: The Radioactivity of the Air and of the Earth / 22 A Third Type of Ray: $gamma $-Rays / 24 The Emanation of Thorium Is a Gas Belonging to the Argon Family / 24 A Proliferation of ``X'' Radiations / 25 ``An Enigma, a Deeply Astonishing Subject'' / 26 The Puzzle Is Disentangled / 27 $alpha $-Rays Revisited / 29 Radioactivity Is an Atomic Decay / 30 The Puzzle Is Unravelled: Radioactive Families / 30 Where Does the Energy of Radioactivity Come from? The Conjecture of Rutherford / 32 Experimental Evidence of Transmutation / 35 Radioactivity is Understood. Radioactive Families / 35 Consecrations and Mourning: The End of an Era / 37 1903: Henri Becquerel Shares the Nobel Prize with Pierre and Marie Curie / 37 The Death of Pierre Curie / 39 1908: Rutherford is Awarded the Nobel Prize / 40 The Death of Henri Becquerel / 40 References / 41 A Nucleus at the Heart of the Atom / 47 Prehistory of the Atom / 47 Eighteenth Century: The Abbot Nollet / 48 Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: John Dalton, William Prout, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and Ampere / 49 Do Atoms Really Exist? / 50 1865: Loschmidt Estimates the Size of Air Molecules / 51 Spectral Lines: A First Indication of an Internal Structure of Atoms / 52 Jean Perrin Advocates the Reality of Atoms / 52 1897: The Electrons Are in the Atom / 55 Electric Discharges in Gases, Cathode Rays and the Electron / 55 ``Dynamids'': The Atoms of Philipp Lenard / 55 Numeric Attempts to Describe Spectral Rays: Balmer and Rydberg / 56 J. J. Thomson's First Model: An Atom Consisting Entirely of Electrons / 57 A Speculation of Jean Perrin: The Atom Is Like a Small Scale Solar System / 57 The ``Saturn'' Model of Hantaro Nagaoka / 58 The ``Plum-Pudding'' Atom of J. J. Thomson / 59 Charles Barkla Measures the Number of Electrons in an Atom / 60 The Scattering of $alpha $ Particles Makes It Possible to ``See'' a Nucleus in the Atom / 63 An Observation of Marie Curie / 63 William Henry Bragg: The Slowing Down of $alpha $-Particles in Matter / 63 The ``Scattering'' of $alpha $-Particles / 65 The Nature of the $alpha $-Particle: An Unresolved Question / 66 The First Geiger Counter / 67 The Nature of the $alpha $-Particle / 69 Another Way to Count $alpha $-Particles: Scintillations / 70 Back to the Scattering of $alpha $-Particles / 71 The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden / 72 Are the Large Deviations Caused by Multiple Small Deviations? / 73 Rutherford Invents the Nucleus / 74 A Last Ingredient: Moseley Measures the Charge of the Nucleus in the Atom / 77 Barkla Creates X-ray Spectroscopy / 77 The Diffraction of X-rays: Max von Laue, William Henry and William Lawrence Bragg / 78 Henry Moseley Measures the Charge of Nuclei / 79 A Paradox / 81 References / 83 Quantum Mechanics: The Unavoidable Path / 89 Branching Off / 89 An Improbable Beginning / 91 The Peak of Classical Mechanics / 91 A Persistent Problem / 92 1900: Max Planck Invents the Quantum of the Action / 94 A Quantum of Action / 96 Einstein and Light Quanta / 96 The Specific Heat of Solids / 99 The First Solvay Council and the Theory of Quanta / 99 Niels Bohr: The Quanta Are in the Atom / 103 Bohr Introduces Quanta in the Theory of the Atom / 103 ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' / 105 Two Other Papers in Bohr's 1913 Trilogy / 108 1913--1923: Victories and Setbacks / 109 Skepticism, Enthusiasm and Adhesion / 109 Confirmation: The Experiment of Franck and Hertz / 110 A Proliferation of Optical Lines: The Zeeman and Stark Effects / 110 Arnold Sommerfeld: Elliptic Orbits and New Quantum Numbers / 111 Relativistic Corrections and the Fine Structure Constant / 112 A Hoax! / 113 A Further Contribution of Einstein: The Interaction Between Radiation and Matter / 113 The Stark Effect: A Victory of the Theory of Quanta / 114 The ``Correspondence Principle'' / 115 Kossel, Bohr and the Mendeleev Table / 116 The Rare Earths / 118 1918, 1921 and 1922: Three Nobel Prizes Attributed to Quanta / 118 1925: Spin and the Pauli Principle / 121 Wolfgang Pauli / 121 Max Born / 122 The Stern and Gerlach Experiment / 123 The Compton Effect / 124 A Strange Explanation of the Zeeman Effect / 125 Pauli's Exclusion Principle / 126 The ``Spin'' of the Electron / 127 Quantum Mechanics / 131 Louis de Broglie / 131 Heisenberg and Matrix Mechanics / 133 New Physics / 135 Pauli Applies the New Mechanics to the Spectrum of Hydrogen / 136 The Schrodinger Equation / 136 Heisenberg and Schrodinger, Two Sides of the Same Coin / 139 The Probabilistic Interpretation of Max Born and the End of Determinism / 139 The Pauli Matrices / 141 Indistinguishable Particles: Bose-Einstein ``Statistics'' / 141 Enrico Fermi: A New ``Statistics'' / 143 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac / 144 ``Bosons'' and ``Fermions'' / 147 The Uncertainty Relations of Heisenberg / 148 Nobel Acknowledgments / 152 The Fifth Solvay Council: An Assessment of the New Mechanics / 153 The German Language, the Language of Quantum Mechanics / 154 A Brief Bibliography / 155 References / 157 A Timid Infancy / 163 The Atomic Nucleus in 1913 / 163 The Discovery of Isotopes and the Measurement of Masses of Nuclei / 165 The Chemistry of Radioactive Products / 165 Frederick Soddy / 166 Isotopes / 166 The Revival of Positively Charged ``Canal Rays'' / 168 The First Physical Measurements of Atomic Masses / 168 Francis Aston and the First Mass Spectrometer / 169 The ``Whole Number Law'' and the Old Hypothesis of William Prout / 171 The Exceptional Mass of the Hydrogen Atom / 173 A Nobel Prize for the ``Whole-Number Rule'' / 175 The Atomic Masses Known in 1932: The Binding Energy of Nuclei / 176 An Enquiry Full of Surprises: $beta $ Radioactivity / 179 The Velocity of the $beta $ Electrons / 180 Otto Hahn / 180 Lise Meitner / 182 Hahn, Meitner and $beta $ Radioactivity / 184 The First ``$beta $ Spectrometer'' / 185 The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut / 186 Clouds Are Gathering / 186 James Chadwick: A Continuous $beta $ Spectrum! / 187 Is It Really a Continuous Spectrum? / 189 In Berlin: The War / 190 Lise Meitner Returns to $beta $ Radioactivity / 190 The Decisive Experiment of Charles Ellis / 191 A Scandal: Energy May Not Be Conserved! / 193 Geiger and Bothe: A ``Coincidence'' Experiment / 193 The Idea of Wolfgang Pauli / 194 But Why Are So Many Spectral Lines Observed? The Key to the Mystery / 196 The First Nuclear Reactions / 199 The First Nuclear Reaction / 200 Sir Ernest Rutherford, Cavendish Professor of Physics / 202 New Nuclear Reactions / 202 A Controversy Between Vienna and Cambridge / 203 How Do the Transmutations Occur? / 205 The Nucleus in 1920 According to Rutherford / 207 The Size of the Nucleus / 208 The Constitution of the Nucleus and of Isotopes / 208 Rutherford the Visionary: The Neutron / 209 Chadwick Hunts for New Forces / 210 The Rapid Expansion of Experimental Means / 213 Scintillation Methods / 213 The Point Counter / 214 The Geiger--Muller Counter / 215 A Digression: The Birth and Development of Wireless Radio / 216 The Electronically Amplified Ionization Chamber / 217 Coincidence Measurements / 219 The Measurement of the Energy of $gamma $ Radiation / 220 A Unique Detector: Wilson's Cloud Chamber / 222 The Atomic Nucleus in 1930 / 227 Some Certainties and One Enigma / 228 At the Beginning of 1932, the Enigma Remains / 231 References / 233 1930--1940: A Dazzling Development / 241 The Nucleus: A New Boundary / 241 Quantum Mechanics Acting in the Nucleus / 242 Salomon Rosenblum and the Fine Structure of $alpha $ Radioactivity / 244 1931: The First International Congress of Nuclear Physics / 246 The Discovery of an Exceptional Isotope: Deuterium / 249 The Discovery of the Neutron / 253 Frederic and Irene Joliot-Curie / 254 Protons Are Ejected / 256 The Neutron Is Revealed / 257 Is the Neutron Lighter or Heavier than the Proton? / 258 Nuclear Theory After the Discovery of the Neutron / 263 Werner Heisenberg / 263 Ettore Majorana / 267 Eugene P. Wigner / 270 Do the Protons and Neutrons form Shells as Electrons Do in the Atom? / 271 A New Particle: The Positron / 279 Cosmic Rays / 279 Blackett and Occhialini / 280 Carl Anderson Discovers a Positive Electron / 282 The Positive Electron of Anderson and that of Dirac / 283 Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie / 286 The Birth of Particle Accelerators / 289 Direct Acceleration: A High-Voltage Race / 290 Acceleration in Steps / 295 ``Charge Independence'' of the Nuclear Force / 303 The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity / 305 The Joliot-Curies After the Solvay Council / 307 ``A New Kind of Radioactivity'' / 308 The Chemical Proof / 309 It Spreads like Wildfire / 310 The Importance of the Discovery / 311 New Perspectives for Radioactive Indicators / 312 The Death of Marie Curie / 313 The 1935 Nobel Prizes Are Attributed to Chadwick and to the Joliot-Curies / 314 The School of Rome / 315 The Theory of $beta $ Decay / 316 Neutron Physics in Rome / 318 ``Slow'' Neutrons / 321 A New Field in Nuclear Physics / 323 Resonances / 324 Fermi Is Awarded the Nobel Prize. The End of the Rome Team / 326 The Great Exodus of Jewish Scientists Under Nazism / 327 A Proliferation of Theories: Yukawa, Breit and Wigner, Bohr / 331 Hideki Yukawa / 331 The First Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 The Structure of the Nucleus According to Bohr in 1937 / 338 The Death of a Giant: Ernest Rutherford / 341 Hans Bethe Sums Up the Situation in 1936--1937 / 343 Hans Albrecht Bethe / 343 The Structure of Nuclei / 344 Nuclear Reactions / 348 The Fission of Uranium / 349 A Fragile Discovery: The Transuranic Elements / 349 Loads of ``Transuranic'' Elements / 352 At the Institut du Radium / 354 Lise Meitner Flees Nazi Germany / 358 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Set Again to Work / 359 More and More Disconcerting Results / 360 The Word Is Finally Uttered / 363 The News Spreads to the United States / 364 Confirmations / 365 Niels Bohr: The Theory of Fission, Uranium 235 / 368 The Number of Emitted Neutrons / 370 Leo Szilard / 371 Is a Chain Reaction Possible? / 372 The Last Publications Before the War / 375 Francis Perrin and the Critical Mass / 377 French Patents / 378 References / 381 The Upheavals of the Second World War / 395 A Chronology / 395 The New Face of Physics After the War / 401 Big Science: Physics on a Large Scale / 402 Team Work / 402 The H-Bomb: Political and Military Implications / 403 The American Supremacy / 404 Europe and Japan After the War / 405 Is ``Big Science'' Really the Result of the War? / 409 References / 411 The Time of Maturity / 413 New Experimental Means / 413 New Accelerators Have Ever Increasing Energies / 414 New Detectors, New Measuring Instruments / 419 Data Accumulate / 425 The Papers of Bethe / 425 Real Transuranic Nuclei / 425 The Lifetime of the Neutron / 429 Electron Scattering and the Electric Charge Distribution in Nuclei / 430 The ``Shell'' Structure of Nuclei / 433 A Model of Quasi-independent Particles? / 434 The Symmetries and Supermultiplets of Wigner and Feenberg / 434 Arguments Put Forth by Maria Goeppert-Mayer / 435 The Spin-Orbit Interaction / 436 Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen / 437 A Paradoxical Model / 438 Elastic Scattering and the ``Optical Model'' / 441 The Nucleus Is Like a Cloudy Crystal Ball / 442 ``Optical'' Attempts / 442 The Woods--Saxon ``Optical'' Potential / 443 The Computer: A Decisive Instrument / 444 Direct Nuclear Reactions / 447 The Stripping of a Deuteron / 448 Direct Reactions and Reactions Which Proceed Though the Formation of a Compound Nucleus / 452 A Collective Behavior / 455 Photonuclear Reactions / 455 Giant Resonances / 456 Are All Nuclei Spherical? / 457 The Quadrupole Moment: An Indicator of Nuclear Deformation / 458 James Rainwater and Aage Bohr / 458 Aage Bohr, the Resolution of a Paradox / 460 A Unified Model of the Nucleus / 463 Ben Mottelson / 463 New Data, New Confirmations / 464 Bohr and Mottelson: The Key to Nuclear Spectra / 465 The Birth of Nuclear Spectroscopy / 467 Nobel Awards / 468 The Nuclear Force / 469 The Discovery of the $pi $ Meson / 469 The $pi ^0$ Completes the Pion Trio / 470 The Hard Core / 471 Nuclear Matter / 473 The Challenge / 473 Keith Brueckner, Jeffrey Goldstone, Hans Bethe, and a Few Others / 474 Solid Foundations / 475 And What About Niels Bohr's Original Objection? / 476 The End of an Era / 476 References / 479 Where the Narrative Ends / 487 Glossary / 491 Bibliography of cited books / 513 Index / 521 The Periodic Law or Mendeleev table / 530

rawabstract:
\booktitle{Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus} tells the story of how, in the span of barely sixty years, we made a transition from the belief that matter was composed of indivisible atoms, to the discovery that in the heart of each atom lies a nucleus which is ten thousand times smaller than the atom, which nonetheless carries almost all its mass, and the transformations of which involve energies that could never be reached by chemical reactions. It was not a smooth transition. The nature of nuclei, their properties, the physical laws which govern their behaviour, and the possibility of controlling to some extent their transformations, were discovered in discontinuous steps, following paths which occasionally led to errors which in turn were corrected by further experimental discoveries. The story begins in 1896 when radioactivity was unexpectedly discovered and continues up to the nineteen-sixties. The authors describe the spectacular progress made by physics during that time, which not only revealed a new form of matter, namely nuclei, but also modified our way of thinking by developing quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. The book is written in a clear and non mathematical language which makes it both accessible and instructive to laymen, physicists and students, as well as to historians of science. It delves into subjects which are of utmost importance for the understanding of matter in our universe and for understanding how this knowledge was achieved.

rawTOC:
Radioactivity: The First Puzzles / 1 \\ The ``Uranic Rays'' of Henri Becquerel / 1 \\ The Discovery / 2 \\ Is It Really Phosphorescence? / 4 \\ What Is the Nature of the Radiation? / 5 \\ A Limited Impact on Scientists and the Public / 6 \\ Why 1896? / 7 \\ Was Radioactivity Discovered by Chance? / 7 \\ Polonium and Radium / 9 \\ Marya Sk{\l}odowska / 9 \\ Pierre Curie / 10 \\ Polonium and Radium: Pierre and Marie Curie Invent Radiochemistry / 11 \\ Enigmas / 14 \\ Emanation from Thorium / 17 \\ Ernest Rutherford / 17 \\ Rutherford Studies Radioactivity: $\alpha$- and $\beta$-Rays / 18 \\ $\beta$-Rays Are Electrons / 19 \\ Rutherford in Montreal: The Radiation of Thorium, the Exponential Decrease / 19 \\ ``Induced'' and ``Excited'' Radioactivity / 20 \\ Elster and Geitel: The Radioactivity of the Air and of the Earth / 22 \\ A Third Type of Ray: $\gamma$-Rays / 24 \\ The Emanation of Thorium Is a Gas Belonging to the Argon Family / 24 \\ A Proliferation of ``X'' Radiations / 25 \\ ``An Enigma, a Deeply Astonishing Subject'' / 26 \\ The Puzzle Is Disentangled / 27 \\ $\alpha$-Rays Revisited / 29 \\ Radioactivity Is an Atomic Decay / 30 \\ The Puzzle Is Unravelled: Radioactive Families / 30 \\ Where Does the Energy of Radioactivity Come from? \\ The Conjecture of Rutherford / 32 \\ Experimental Evidence of Transmutation / 35 \\ Radioactivity is Understood. Radioactive Families / 35 \\ Consecrations and Mourning: The End of an Era / 37 \\ 1903: Henri Becquerel Shares the Nobel Prize with Pierre and Marie Curie / 37 \\ The Death of Pierre Curie / 39 \\ 1908: Rutherford is Awarded the Nobel Prize / 40 \\ The Death of Henri Becquerel / 40 \\ References / 41 \\ A Nucleus at the Heart of the Atom / 47 \\ Prehistory of the Atom / 47 \\ Eighteenth Century: The Abbot Nollet / 48 \\ Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: John Dalton, William Prout, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and Amp{\`e}re / 49 \\ Do Atoms Really Exist? / 50 \\ 1865: Loschmidt Estimates the Size of Air Molecules / 51 \\ Spectral Lines: A First Indication of an Internal Structure of Atoms / 52 \\ Jean Perrin Advocates the Reality of Atoms / 52 \\ 1897: The Electrons Are in the Atom / 55 \\ Electric Discharges in Gases, Cathode Rays and the Electron / 55 \\ ``Dynamids'': The Atoms of Philipp Lenard / 55 \\ Numeric Attempts to Describe Spectral Rays: Balmer and Rydberg / 56 \\ J. J. Thomson's First Model: An Atom Consisting Entirely of Electrons / 57 \\ A Speculation of Jean Perrin: The Atom Is Like a Small Scale Solar System / 57 \\ The ``Saturn'' Model of Hantaro Nagaoka / 58 \\ The ``Plum-Pudding'' Atom of J. J. Thomson / 59 \\ Charles Barkla Measures the Number of Electrons in an Atom / 60 \\ The Scattering of $\alpha$ Particles Makes It Possible to ``See'' a Nucleus in the Atom / 63 \\ An Observation of Marie Curie / 63 \\ William Henry Bragg: The Slowing Down of $\alpha$-Particles in Matter / 63 \\ The ``Scattering'' of $\alpha$-Particles / 65 \\ The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle: An Unresolved Question / 66 \\ The First Geiger Counter / 67 \\ The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle / 69 \\ Another Way to Count $\alpha$-Particles: Scintillations / 70 \\ Back to the Scattering of $\alpha$-Particles / 71 \\ The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden / 72 \\ Are the Large Deviations Caused by Multiple Small Deviations? / 73 \\ Rutherford Invents the Nucleus / 74 \\ A Last Ingredient: Moseley Measures the Charge of the Nucleus in the Atom / 77 \\ Barkla Creates X-ray Spectroscopy / 77 \\ The Diffraction of X-rays: Max von Laue, William Henry and William Lawrence Bragg / 78 \\ Henry Moseley Measures the Charge of Nuclei / 79 \\ A Paradox / 81 \\ References / 83 \\ Quantum Mechanics: The Unavoidable Path / 89 \\ Branching Off / 89 \\ An Improbable Beginning / 91 \\ The Peak of Classical Mechanics / 91 \\ A Persistent Problem / 92 \\ 1900: Max Planck Invents the Quantum of the Action / 94 \\ A Quantum of Action / 96 \\ Einstein and Light Quanta / 96 \\ The Specific Heat of Solids / 99 \\ The First Solvay Council and the Theory of Quanta / 99 \\ Niels Bohr: The Quanta Are in the Atom / 103 \\ Bohr Introduces Quanta in the Theory of the Atom / 103 \\ ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' / 105 \\ Two Other Papers in Bohr's 1913 Trilogy / 108 \\ 1913--1923: Victories and Setbacks / 109 \\ Skepticism, Enthusiasm and Adhesion / 109 \\ Confirmation: The Experiment of Franck and Hertz / 110 \\ A Proliferation of Optical Lines: The Zeeman and Stark Effects / 110 \\ Arnold Sommerfeld: Elliptic Orbits and New Quantum Numbers / 111 \\ Relativistic Corrections and the Fine Structure Constant / 112 \\ A Hoax! / 113 \\ A Further Contribution of Einstein: The Interaction Between Radiation and Matter / 113 \\ The Stark Effect: A Victory of the Theory of Quanta / 114 \\ The ``Correspondence Principle'' / 115 \\ Kossel, Bohr and the Mendeleev Table / 116 \\ The Rare Earths / 118 \\ 1918, 1921 and 1922: Three Nobel Prizes Attributed to Quanta / 118 \\ 1925: Spin and the Pauli Principle / 121 \\ Wolfgang Pauli / 121 \\ Max Born / 122 \\ The Stern and Gerlach Experiment / 123 \\ The Compton Effect / 124 \\ A Strange Explanation of the Zeeman Effect / 125 \\ Pauli's Exclusion Principle / 126 \\ The ``Spin'' of the Electron / 127 \\ Quantum Mechanics / 131 \\ Louis de Broglie / 131 \\ Heisenberg and Matrix Mechanics / 133 \\ New Physics / 135 \\ Pauli Applies the New Mechanics to the Spectrum of Hydrogen / 136 \\ The Schr{\"o}dinger Equation / 136 \\ Heisenberg and Schr{\"o}dinger, Two Sides of the Same Coin / 139 \\ The Probabilistic Interpretation of Max Born and the End of Determinism / 139 \\ The Pauli Matrices / 141 \\ Indistinguishable Particles: Bose-Einstein ``Statistics'' / 141 \\ Enrico Fermi: A New ``Statistics'' / 143 \\ Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac / 144 \\ ``Bosons'' and ``Fermions'' / 147 \\ The Uncertainty Relations of Heisenberg / 148 \\ Nobel Acknowledgments / 152 \\ The Fifth Solvay Council: An Assessment of the New Mechanics / 153 \\ The German Language, the Language of Quantum Mechanics / 154 \\ A Brief Bibliography / 155 \\ References / 157 \\ A Timid Infancy / 163 \\ The Atomic Nucleus in 1913 / 163 \\ The Discovery of Isotopes and the Measurement of Masses of Nuclei / 165 \\ The Chemistry of Radioactive Products / 165 \\ Frederick Soddy / 166 \\ Isotopes / 166 \\ The Revival of Positively Charged ``Canal Rays'' / 168 \\ The First Physical Measurements of Atomic Masses / 168 \\ Francis Aston and the First Mass Spectrometer / 169 \\ The ``Whole Number Law'' and the Old Hypothesis of William Prout / 171 \\ The Exceptional Mass of the Hydrogen Atom / 173 \\ A Nobel Prize for the ``Whole-Number Rule'' / 175 \\ The Atomic Masses Known in 1932: The Binding Energy of Nuclei / 176 \\ An Enquiry Full of Surprises: $\beta$ Radioactivity / 179 \\ The Velocity of the $\beta$ Electrons / 180 \\ Otto Hahn / 180 \\ Lise Meitner / 182 \\ Hahn, Meitner and $\beta$ Radioactivity / 184 \\ The First ``$\beta$ Spectrometer'' / 185 \\ The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut / 186 \\ Clouds Are Gathering / 186 \\ James Chadwick: A Continuous $\beta$ Spectrum! / 187 \\ Is It Really a Continuous Spectrum? / 189 \\ In Berlin: The War / 190 \\ Lise Meitner Returns to $\beta$ Radioactivity / 190 \\ The Decisive Experiment of Charles Ellis / 191 \\ A Scandal: Energy May Not Be Conserved! / 193 \\ Geiger and Bothe: A ``Coincidence'' Experiment / 193 \\ The Idea of Wolfgang Pauli / 194 \\ But Why Are So Many Spectral Lines Observed? The Key to the Mystery / 196 \\ The First Nuclear Reactions / 199 \\ The First Nuclear Reaction / 200 \\ Sir Ernest Rutherford, Cavendish Professor of Physics / 202 \\ New Nuclear Reactions / 202 \\ A Controversy Between Vienna and Cambridge / 203 \\ How Do the Transmutations Occur? / 205 \\ The Nucleus in 1920 According to Rutherford / 207 \\ The Size of the Nucleus / 208 \\ The Constitution of the Nucleus and of Isotopes / 208 \\ Rutherford the Visionary: The Neutron / 209 \\ Chadwick Hunts for New Forces / 210 \\ The Rapid Expansion of Experimental Means / 213 \\ Scintillation Methods / 213 \\ The Point Counter / 214 \\ The Geiger--M{\"u}ller Counter / 215 \\ A Digression: The Birth and Development of Wireless Radio / 216 \\ The Electronically Amplified Ionization Chamber / 217 \\ Coincidence Measurements / 219 \\ The Measurement of the Energy of $\gamma$ Radiation / 220 \\ A Unique Detector: Wilson's Cloud Chamber / 222 \\ The Atomic Nucleus in 1930 / 227 \\ Some Certainties and One Enigma / 228 \\ At the Beginning of 1932, the Enigma Remains / 231 \\ References / 233 \\ 1930--1940: A Dazzling Development / 241 \\ The Nucleus: A New Boundary / 241 \\ Quantum Mechanics Acting in the Nucleus / 242 \\ Salomon Rosenblum and the Fine Structure of $\alpha$ Radioactivity / 244 \\ 1931: The First International Congress of Nuclear Physics / 246 \\ The Discovery of an Exceptional Isotope: Deuterium / 249 \\ The Discovery of the Neutron / 253 \\ Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Curie / 254 \\ Protons Are Ejected / 256 \\ The Neutron Is Revealed / 257 \\ Is the Neutron Lighter or Heavier than the Proton? / 258 \\ Nuclear Theory After the Discovery of the Neutron / 263 \\ Werner Heisenberg / 263 \\ Ettore Majorana / 267 \\ Eugene P. Wigner / 270 \\ Do the Protons and Neutrons form Shells as Electrons Do in the Atom? / 271 \\ A New Particle: The Positron / 279 \\ Cosmic Rays / 279 \\ Blackett and Occhialini / 280 \\ Carl Anderson Discovers a Positive Electron / 282 \\ The Positive Electron of Anderson and that of Dirac / 283 \\ Ir{\`e}ne and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie / 286 \\ The Birth of Particle Accelerators / 289 \\ Direct Acceleration: A High-Voltage Race / 290 \\ Acceleration in Steps / 295 \\ ``Charge Independence'' of the Nuclear Force / 303 \\ The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity / 305 \\ The Joliot-Curies After the Solvay Council / 307 \\ ``A New Kind of Radioactivity'' / 308 \\ The Chemical Proof / 309 \\ It Spreads like Wildfire / 310 \\ The Importance of the Discovery / 311 \\ New Perspectives for Radioactive Indicators / 312 \\ The Death of Marie Curie / 313 \\ The 1935 Nobel Prizes Are Attributed to Chadwick and to the Joliot-Curies / 314 \\ The School of Rome / 315 \\ The Theory of $\beta$ Decay / 316 \\ Neutron Physics in Rome / 318 \\ ``Slow'' Neutrons / 321 \\ A New Field in Nuclear Physics / 323 \\ Resonances / 324 \\ Fermi Is Awarded the Nobel Prize. The End of the Rome Team / 326 \\ The Great Exodus of Jewish Scientists Under Nazism / 327 \\ A Proliferation of Theories: Yukawa, Breit and Wigner, Bohr / 331 \\ Hideki Yukawa / 331 \\ The First Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\ The Structure of the Nucleus According to Bohr in 1937 / 338 \\ The Death of a Giant: Ernest Rutherford / 341 \\ Hans Bethe Sums Up the Situation in 1936--1937 / 343 \\ Hans Albrecht Bethe / 343 \\ The Structure of Nuclei / 344 \\ Nuclear Reactions / 348 \\ The Fission of Uranium / 349 \\ A Fragile Discovery: The Transuranic Elements / 349 \\ Loads of ``Transuranic'' Elements / 352 \\ At the Institut du Radium / 354 \\ Lise Meitner Flees Nazi Germany / 358 \\ Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Set Again to Work / 359 \\ More and More Disconcerting Results / 360 \\ The Word Is Finally Uttered / 363 \\ The News Spreads to the United States / 364 \\ Confirmations / 365 \\ Niels Bohr: The Theory of Fission, Uranium 235 / 368 \\ The Number of Emitted Neutrons / 370 \\ Leo Szilard / 371 \\ Is a Chain Reaction Possible? / 372 \\ The Last Publications Before the War / 375 \\ Francis Perrin and the Critical Mass / 377 \\ French Patents / 378 \\ References / 381 \\ The Upheavals of the Second World War / 395 \\ A Chronology / 395 \\ The New Face of Physics After the War / 401 \\ Big Science: Physics on a Large Scale / 402 \\ Team Work / 402 \\ The H-Bomb: Political and Military Implications / 403 \\ The American Supremacy / 404 \\ Europe and Japan After the War / 405 \\ Is ``Big Science'' Really the Result of the War? / 409 \\ References / 411 \\ The Time of Maturity / 413 \\ New Experimental Means / 413 \\ New Accelerators Have Ever Increasing Energies / 414 \\ New Detectors, New Measuring Instruments / 419 \\ Data Accumulate / 425 \\ The Papers of Bethe / 425 \\ Real Transuranic Nuclei / 425 \\ The Lifetime of the Neutron / 429 \\ Electron Scattering and the Electric Charge Distribution in Nuclei / 430 \\ The ``Shell'' Structure of Nuclei / 433 \\ A Model of Quasi-independent Particles? / 434 \\ The Symmetries and Supermultiplets of Wigner and Feenberg / 434 \\ Arguments Put Forth by Maria Goeppert-Mayer / 435 \\ The Spin-Orbit Interaction / 436 \\ Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen / 437 \\ A Paradoxical Model / 438 \\ Elastic Scattering and the ``Optical Model'' / 441 \\ The Nucleus Is Like a Cloudy Crystal Ball / 442 \\ ``Optical'' Attempts / 442 \\ The Woods--Saxon ``Optical'' Potential / 443 \\ The Computer: A Decisive Instrument / 444 \\ Direct Nuclear Reactions / 447 \\ The Stripping of a Deuteron / 448 \\ Direct Reactions and Reactions Which Proceed Though the Formation of a Compound Nucleus / 452 \\ A Collective Behavior / 455 \\ Photonuclear Reactions / 455 \\ Giant Resonances / 456 \\ Are All Nuclei Spherical? / 457 \\ The Quadrupole Moment: An Indicator of Nuclear Deformation / 458 \\ James Rainwater and Aage Bohr / 458 \\ Aage Bohr, the Resolution of a Paradox / 460 \\ A Unified Model of the Nucleus / 463 \\ Ben Mottelson / 463 \\ New Data, New Confirmations / 464 \\ Bohr and Mottelson: The Key to Nuclear Spectra / 465 \\ The Birth of Nuclear Spectroscopy / 467 \\ Nobel Awards / 468 \\ The Nuclear Force / 469 \\ The Discovery of the $\pi$ Meson / 469 \\ The $\pi^0$ Completes the Pion Trio / 470 \\ The Hard Core / 471 \\ Nuclear Matter / 473 \\ The Challenge / 473 \\ Keith Brueckner, Jeffrey Goldstone, Hans Bethe, and a Few Others / 474 \\ Solid Foundations / 475 \\ And What About Niels Bohr's Original Objection? / 476 \\ The End of an Era / 476 \\ References / 479 \\ Where the Narrative Ends / 487 \\ Glossary / 491 \\ Bibliography of cited books / 513 \\ Index / 521 \\ The Periodic Law or Mendeleev table / 530

entry:
@Book{Fernandez:2013:UMA,
  author =       "Bernard Fernandez and Georges Ripka",
  booktitle =    "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a
                 Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956",
  title =        "Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic Nucleus --- a
                 Sixty Year Journey 1896--1956",
  publisher =    pub-SV,
  address =      pub-SV:adr,
  pages =        "xviii + 522",
  year =         "2013",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4181-6",
  ISBN =         "1-4614-4180-3 (hardcover), 1-4614-4181-1 (e-book)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-4614-4180-9 (hardcover), 978-1-4614-4181-6
                 (e-book)",
  LCCN =         "QC773 .F47 2013",
  bibdate =      "Mon Apr 23 15:26:52 MDT 2018",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bethe-hans.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/born-max.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/debroglie-louis.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/d/dirac-p-a-m.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/fermi-enrico.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/g/gamow-george.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/h/heisenberg-werner.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/pauli-wolfgang.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/peierls-rudolf.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/p/planck-max.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/schroedinger-erwin.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/w/wigner-eugene.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  abstract =     "\booktitle{Unravelling the Mystery of the Atomic
                 Nucleus} tells the story of how, in the span of barely
                 sixty years, we made a transition from the belief that
                 matter was composed of indivisible atoms, to the
                 discovery that in the heart of each atom lies a nucleus
                 which is ten thousand times smaller than the atom,
                 which nonetheless carries almost all its mass, and the
                 transformations of which involve energies that could
                 never be reached by chemical reactions. It was not a
                 smooth transition. The nature of nuclei, their
                 properties, the physical laws which govern their
                 behaviour, and the possibility of controlling to some
                 extent their transformations, were discovered in
                 discontinuous steps, following paths which occasionally
                 led to errors which in turn were corrected by further
                 experimental discoveries. The story begins in 1896 when
                 radioactivity was unexpectedly discovered and continues
                 up to the nineteen-sixties. The authors describe the
                 spectacular progress made by physics during that time,
                 which not only revealed a new form of matter, namely
                 nuclei, but also modified our way of thinking by
                 developing quantum mechanics and the theory of
                 relativity. The book is written in a clear and non
                 mathematical language which makes it both accessible
                 and instructive to laymen, physicists and students, as
                 well as to historians of science. It delves into
                 subjects which are of utmost importance for the
                 understanding of matter in our universe and for
                 understanding how this knowledge was achieved.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Substantially revised by the authors from the French
                 original, \booktitle{De l atome au noyau. Une approche
                 historique et de la physique nucl{\'e}aire}, Ellipses
                 (2006), and viewed by them as a second edition.",
  subject =      "Nuclear physics; History; stralingschemie;
                 deeltjesfysica; Pure sciences. Natural sciences
                 (general); quarks; History of physics; Nuclear
                 chemistry; wetenschapsgeschiedenis; Physics; fysica;
                 Nuclear physics.",
  tableofcontents = "Radioactivity: The First Puzzles / 1 \\
                 The ``Uranic Rays'' of Henri Becquerel / 1 \\
                 The Discovery / 2 \\
                 Is It Really Phosphorescence? / 4 \\
                 What Is the Nature of the Radiation? / 5 \\
                 A Limited Impact on Scientists and the Public / 6 \\
                 Why 1896? / 7 \\
                 Was Radioactivity Discovered by Chance? / 7 \\
                 Polonium and Radium / 9 \\
                 Marya Sk{\l}odowska / 9 \\
                 Pierre Curie / 10 \\
                 Polonium and Radium: Pierre and Marie Curie Invent
                 Radiochemistry / 11 \\
                 Enigmas / 14 \\
                 Emanation from Thorium / 17 \\
                 Ernest Rutherford / 17 \\
                 Rutherford Studies Radioactivity: $\alpha$- and
                 $\beta$-Rays / 18 \\
                 $\beta$-Rays Are Electrons / 19 \\
                 Rutherford in Montreal: The Radiation of Thorium, the
                 Exponential Decrease / 19 \\
                 ``Induced'' and ``Excited'' Radioactivity / 20 \\
                 Elster and Geitel: The Radioactivity of the Air and of
                 the Earth / 22 \\
                 A Third Type of Ray: $\gamma$-Rays / 24 \\
                 The Emanation of Thorium Is a Gas Belonging to the
                 Argon Family / 24 \\
                 A Proliferation of ``X'' Radiations / 25 \\
                 ``An Enigma, a Deeply Astonishing Subject'' / 26 \\
                 The Puzzle Is Disentangled / 27 \\
                 $\alpha$-Rays Revisited / 29 \\
                 Radioactivity Is an Atomic Decay / 30 \\
                 The Puzzle Is Unravelled: Radioactive Families / 30 \\
                 Where Does the Energy of Radioactivity Come from? \\
                 The Conjecture of Rutherford / 32 \\
                 Experimental Evidence of Transmutation / 35 \\
                 Radioactivity is Understood. Radioactive Families / 35
                 \\
                 Consecrations and Mourning: The End of an Era / 37 \\
                 1903: Henri Becquerel Shares the Nobel Prize with
                 Pierre and Marie Curie / 37 \\
                 The Death of Pierre Curie / 39 \\
                 1908: Rutherford is Awarded the Nobel Prize / 40 \\
                 The Death of Henri Becquerel / 40 \\
                 References / 41 \\
                 A Nucleus at the Heart of the Atom / 47 \\
                 Prehistory of the Atom / 47 \\
                 Eighteenth Century: The Abbot Nollet / 48 \\
                 Beginning of the Nineteenth Century: John Dalton,
                 William Prout, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and Amp{\`e}re /
                 49 \\
                 Do Atoms Really Exist? / 50 \\
                 1865: Loschmidt Estimates the Size of Air Molecules /
                 51 \\
                 Spectral Lines: A First Indication of an Internal
                 Structure of Atoms / 52 \\
                 Jean Perrin Advocates the Reality of Atoms / 52 \\
                 1897: The Electrons Are in the Atom / 55 \\
                 Electric Discharges in Gases, Cathode Rays and the
                 Electron / 55 \\
                 ``Dynamids'': The Atoms of Philipp Lenard / 55 \\
                 Numeric Attempts to Describe Spectral Rays: Balmer and
                 Rydberg / 56 \\
                 J. J. Thomson's First Model: An Atom Consisting
                 Entirely of Electrons / 57 \\
                 A Speculation of Jean Perrin: The Atom Is Like a Small
                 Scale Solar System / 57 \\
                 The ``Saturn'' Model of Hantaro Nagaoka / 58 \\
                 The ``Plum-Pudding'' Atom of J. J. Thomson / 59 \\
                 Charles Barkla Measures the Number of Electrons in an
                 Atom / 60 \\
                 The Scattering of $\alpha$ Particles Makes It Possible
                 to ``See'' a Nucleus in the Atom / 63 \\
                 An Observation of Marie Curie / 63 \\
                 William Henry Bragg: The Slowing Down of
                 $\alpha$-Particles in Matter / 63 \\
                 The ``Scattering'' of $\alpha$-Particles / 65 \\
                 The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle: An Unresolved
                 Question / 66 \\
                 The First Geiger Counter / 67 \\
                 The Nature of the $\alpha$-Particle / 69 \\
                 Another Way to Count $\alpha$-Particles: Scintillations
                 / 70 \\
                 Back to the Scattering of $\alpha$-Particles / 71 \\
                 The Experiments of Geiger and Marsden / 72 \\
                 Are the Large Deviations Caused by Multiple Small
                 Deviations? / 73 \\
                 Rutherford Invents the Nucleus / 74 \\
                 A Last Ingredient: Moseley Measures the Charge of the
                 Nucleus in the Atom / 77 \\
                 Barkla Creates X-ray Spectroscopy / 77 \\
                 The Diffraction of X-rays: Max von Laue, William Henry
                 and William Lawrence Bragg / 78 \\
                 Henry Moseley Measures the Charge of Nuclei / 79 \\
                 A Paradox / 81 \\
                 References / 83 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics: The Unavoidable Path / 89 \\
                 Branching Off / 89 \\
                 An Improbable Beginning / 91 \\
                 The Peak of Classical Mechanics / 91 \\
                 A Persistent Problem / 92 \\
                 1900: Max Planck Invents the Quantum of the Action / 94
                 \\
                 A Quantum of Action / 96 \\
                 Einstein and Light Quanta / 96 \\
                 The Specific Heat of Solids / 99 \\
                 The First Solvay Council and the Theory of Quanta / 99
                 \\
                 Niels Bohr: The Quanta Are in the Atom / 103 \\
                 Bohr Introduces Quanta in the Theory of the Atom / 103
                 \\
                 ``On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules'' / 105
                 \\
                 Two Other Papers in Bohr's 1913 Trilogy / 108 \\
                 1913--1923: Victories and Setbacks / 109 \\
                 Skepticism, Enthusiasm and Adhesion / 109 \\
                 Confirmation: The Experiment of Franck and Hertz / 110
                 \\
                 A Proliferation of Optical Lines: The Zeeman and Stark
                 Effects / 110 \\
                 Arnold Sommerfeld: Elliptic Orbits and New Quantum
                 Numbers / 111 \\
                 Relativistic Corrections and the Fine Structure
                 Constant / 112 \\
                 A Hoax! / 113 \\
                 A Further Contribution of Einstein: The Interaction
                 Between Radiation and Matter / 113 \\
                 The Stark Effect: A Victory of the Theory of Quanta /
                 114 \\
                 The ``Correspondence Principle'' / 115 \\
                 Kossel, Bohr and the Mendeleev Table / 116 \\
                 The Rare Earths / 118 \\
                 1918, 1921 and 1922: Three Nobel Prizes Attributed to
                 Quanta / 118 \\
                 1925: Spin and the Pauli Principle / 121 \\
                 Wolfgang Pauli / 121 \\
                 Max Born / 122 \\
                 The Stern and Gerlach Experiment / 123 \\
                 The Compton Effect / 124 \\
                 A Strange Explanation of the Zeeman Effect / 125 \\
                 Pauli's Exclusion Principle / 126 \\
                 The ``Spin'' of the Electron / 127 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics / 131 \\
                 Louis de Broglie / 131 \\
                 Heisenberg and Matrix Mechanics / 133 \\
                 New Physics / 135 \\
                 Pauli Applies the New Mechanics to the Spectrum of
                 Hydrogen / 136 \\
                 The Schr{\"o}dinger Equation / 136 \\
                 Heisenberg and Schr{\"o}dinger, Two Sides of the Same
                 Coin / 139 \\
                 The Probabilistic Interpretation of Max Born and the
                 End of Determinism / 139 \\
                 The Pauli Matrices / 141 \\
                 Indistinguishable Particles: Bose-Einstein
                 ``Statistics'' / 141 \\
                 Enrico Fermi: A New ``Statistics'' / 143 \\
                 Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac / 144 \\
                 ``Bosons'' and ``Fermions'' / 147 \\
                 The Uncertainty Relations of Heisenberg / 148 \\
                 Nobel Acknowledgments / 152 \\
                 The Fifth Solvay Council: An Assessment of the New
                 Mechanics / 153 \\
                 The German Language, the Language of Quantum Mechanics
                 / 154 \\
                 A Brief Bibliography / 155 \\
                 References / 157 \\
                 A Timid Infancy / 163 \\
                 The Atomic Nucleus in 1913 / 163 \\
                 The Discovery of Isotopes and the Measurement of Masses
                 of Nuclei / 165 \\
                 The Chemistry of Radioactive Products / 165 \\
                 Frederick Soddy / 166 \\
                 Isotopes / 166 \\
                 The Revival of Positively Charged ``Canal Rays'' / 168
                 \\
                 The First Physical Measurements of Atomic Masses / 168
                 \\
                 Francis Aston and the First Mass Spectrometer / 169 \\
                 The ``Whole Number Law'' and the Old Hypothesis of
                 William Prout / 171 \\
                 The Exceptional Mass of the Hydrogen Atom / 173 \\
                 A Nobel Prize for the ``Whole-Number Rule'' / 175 \\
                 The Atomic Masses Known in 1932: The Binding Energy of
                 Nuclei / 176 \\
                 An Enquiry Full of Surprises: $\beta$ Radioactivity /
                 179 \\
                 The Velocity of the $\beta$ Electrons / 180 \\
                 Otto Hahn / 180 \\
                 Lise Meitner / 182 \\
                 Hahn, Meitner and $\beta$ Radioactivity / 184 \\
                 The First ``$\beta$ Spectrometer'' / 185 \\
                 The Kaiser Wilhelm Institut / 186 \\
                 Clouds Are Gathering / 186 \\
                 James Chadwick: A Continuous $\beta$ Spectrum! / 187
                 \\
                 Is It Really a Continuous Spectrum? / 189 \\
                 In Berlin: The War / 190 \\
                 Lise Meitner Returns to $\beta$ Radioactivity / 190 \\
                 The Decisive Experiment of Charles Ellis / 191 \\
                 A Scandal: Energy May Not Be Conserved! / 193 \\
                 Geiger and Bothe: A ``Coincidence'' Experiment / 193
                 \\
                 The Idea of Wolfgang Pauli / 194 \\
                 But Why Are So Many Spectral Lines Observed? The Key to
                 the Mystery / 196 \\
                 The First Nuclear Reactions / 199 \\
                 The First Nuclear Reaction / 200 \\
                 Sir Ernest Rutherford, Cavendish Professor of Physics /
                 202 \\
                 New Nuclear Reactions / 202 \\
                 A Controversy Between Vienna and Cambridge / 203 \\
                 How Do the Transmutations Occur? / 205 \\
                 The Nucleus in 1920 According to Rutherford / 207 \\
                 The Size of the Nucleus / 208 \\
                 The Constitution of the Nucleus and of Isotopes / 208
                 \\
                 Rutherford the Visionary: The Neutron / 209 \\
                 Chadwick Hunts for New Forces / 210 \\
                 The Rapid Expansion of Experimental Means / 213 \\
                 Scintillation Methods / 213 \\
                 The Point Counter / 214 \\
                 The Geiger--M{\"u}ller Counter / 215 \\
                 A Digression: The Birth and Development of Wireless
                 Radio / 216 \\
                 The Electronically Amplified Ionization Chamber / 217
                 \\
                 Coincidence Measurements / 219 \\
                 The Measurement of the Energy of $\gamma$ Radiation /
                 220 \\
                 A Unique Detector: Wilson's Cloud Chamber / 222 \\
                 The Atomic Nucleus in 1930 / 227 \\
                 Some Certainties and One Enigma / 228 \\
                 At the Beginning of 1932, the Enigma Remains / 231 \\
                 References / 233 \\
                 1930--1940: A Dazzling Development / 241 \\
                 The Nucleus: A New Boundary / 241 \\
                 Quantum Mechanics Acting in the Nucleus / 242 \\
                 Salomon Rosenblum and the Fine Structure of $\alpha$
                 Radioactivity / 244 \\
                 1931: The First International Congress of Nuclear
                 Physics / 246 \\
                 The Discovery of an Exceptional Isotope: Deuterium /
                 249 \\
                 The Discovery of the Neutron / 253 \\
                 Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Ir{\`e}ne Joliot-Curie / 254 \\
                 Protons Are Ejected / 256 \\
                 The Neutron Is Revealed / 257 \\
                 Is the Neutron Lighter or Heavier than the Proton? /
                 258 \\
                 Nuclear Theory After the Discovery of the Neutron / 263
                 \\
                 Werner Heisenberg / 263 \\
                 Ettore Majorana / 267 \\
                 Eugene P. Wigner / 270 \\
                 Do the Protons and Neutrons form Shells as Electrons Do
                 in the Atom? / 271 \\
                 A New Particle: The Positron / 279 \\
                 Cosmic Rays / 279 \\
                 Blackett and Occhialini / 280 \\
                 Carl Anderson Discovers a Positive Electron / 282 \\
                 The Positive Electron of Anderson and that of Dirac /
                 283 \\
                 Ir{\`e}ne and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Joliot-Curie / 286 \\
                 The Birth of Particle Accelerators / 289 \\
                 Direct Acceleration: A High-Voltage Race / 290 \\
                 Acceleration in Steps / 295 \\
                 ``Charge Independence'' of the Nuclear Force / 303 \\
                 The Discovery of Artificial Radioactivity / 305 \\
                 The Joliot-Curies After the Solvay Council / 307 \\
                 ``A New Kind of Radioactivity'' / 308 \\
                 The Chemical Proof / 309 \\
                 It Spreads like Wildfire / 310 \\
                 The Importance of the Discovery / 311 \\
                 New Perspectives for Radioactive Indicators / 312 \\
                 The Death of Marie Curie / 313 \\
                 The 1935 Nobel Prizes Are Attributed to Chadwick and to
                 the Joliot-Curies / 314 \\
                 The School of Rome / 315 \\
                 The Theory of $\beta$ Decay / 316 \\
                 Neutron Physics in Rome / 318 \\
                 ``Slow'' Neutrons / 321 \\
                 A New Field in Nuclear Physics / 323 \\
                 Resonances / 324 \\
                 Fermi Is Awarded the Nobel Prize. The End of the Rome
                 Team / 326 \\
                 The Great Exodus of Jewish Scientists Under Nazism /
                 327 \\
                 A Proliferation of Theories: Yukawa, Breit and Wigner,
                 Bohr / 331 \\
                 Hideki Yukawa / 331 \\
                 The First Theories of Nuclear Reactions / 335 \\
                 The Structure of the Nucleus According to Bohr in 1937
                 / 338 \\
                 The Death of a Giant: Ernest Rutherford / 341 \\
                 Hans Bethe Sums Up the Situation in 1936--1937 / 343
                 \\
                 Hans Albrecht Bethe / 343 \\
                 The Structure of Nuclei / 344 \\
                 Nuclear Reactions / 348 \\
                 The Fission of Uranium / 349 \\
                 A Fragile Discovery: The Transuranic Elements / 349 \\
                 Loads of ``Transuranic'' Elements / 352 \\
                 At the Institut du Radium / 354 \\
                 Lise Meitner Flees Nazi Germany / 358 \\
                 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Set Again to Work / 359
                 \\
                 More and More Disconcerting Results / 360 \\
                 The Word Is Finally Uttered / 363 \\
                 The News Spreads to the United States / 364 \\
                 Confirmations / 365 \\
                 Niels Bohr: The Theory of Fission, Uranium 235 / 368
                 \\
                 The Number of Emitted Neutrons / 370 \\
                 Leo Szilard / 371 \\
                 Is a Chain Reaction Possible? / 372 \\
                 The Last Publications Before the War / 375 \\
                 Francis Perrin and the Critical Mass / 377 \\
                 French Patents / 378 \\
                 References / 381 \\
                 The Upheavals of the Second World War / 395 \\
                 A Chronology / 395 \\
                 The New Face of Physics After the War / 401 \\
                 Big Science: Physics on a Large Scale / 402 \\
                 Team Work / 402 \\
                 The H-Bomb: Political and Military Implications / 403
                 \\
                 The American Supremacy / 404 \\
                 Europe and Japan After the War / 405 \\
                 Is ``Big Science'' Really the Result of the War? / 409
                 \\
                 References / 411 \\
                 The Time of Maturity / 413 \\
                 New Experimental Means / 413 \\
                 New Accelerators Have Ever Increasing Energies / 414
                 \\
                 New Detectors, New Measuring Instruments / 419 \\
                 Data Accumulate / 425 \\
                 The Papers of Bethe / 425 \\
                 Real Transuranic Nuclei / 425 \\
                 The Lifetime of the Neutron / 429 \\
                 Electron Scattering and the Electric Charge
                 Distribution in Nuclei / 430 \\
                 The ``Shell'' Structure of Nuclei / 433 \\
                 A Model of Quasi-independent Particles? / 434 \\
                 The Symmetries and Supermultiplets of Wigner and
                 Feenberg / 434 \\
                 Arguments Put Forth by Maria Goeppert-Mayer / 435 \\
                 The Spin-Orbit Interaction / 436 \\
                 Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen / 437 \\
                 A Paradoxical Model / 438 \\
                 Elastic Scattering and the ``Optical Model'' / 441 \\
                 The Nucleus Is Like a Cloudy Crystal Ball / 442 \\
                 ``Optical'' Attempts / 442 \\
                 The Woods--Saxon ``Optical'' Potential / 443 \\
                 The Computer: A Decisive Instrument / 444 \\
                 Direct Nuclear Reactions / 447 \\
                 The Stripping of a Deuteron / 448 \\
                 Direct Reactions and Reactions Which Proceed Though the
                 Formation of a Compound Nucleus / 452 \\
                 A Collective Behavior / 455 \\
                 Photonuclear Reactions / 455 \\
                 Giant Resonances / 456 \\
                 Are All Nuclei Spherical? / 457 \\
                 The Quadrupole Moment: An Indicator of Nuclear
                 Deformation / 458 \\
                 James Rainwater and Aage Bohr / 458 \\
                 Aage Bohr, the Resolution of a Paradox / 460 \\
                 A Unified Model of the Nucleus / 463 \\
                 Ben Mottelson / 463 \\
                 New Data, New Confirmations / 464 \\
                 Bohr and Mottelson: The Key to Nuclear Spectra / 465
                 \\
                 The Birth of Nuclear Spectroscopy / 467 \\
                 Nobel Awards / 468 \\
                 The Nuclear Force / 469 \\
                 The Discovery of the $\pi$ Meson / 469 \\
                 The $\pi^0$ Completes the Pion Trio / 470 \\
                 The Hard Core / 471 \\
                 Nuclear Matter / 473 \\
                 The Challenge / 473 \\
                 Keith Brueckner, Jeffrey Goldstone, Hans Bethe, and a
                 Few Others / 474 \\
                 Solid Foundations / 475 \\
                 And What About Niels Bohr's Original Objection? / 476
                 \\
                 The End of an Era / 476 \\
                 References / 479 \\
                 Where the Narrative Ends / 487 \\
                 Glossary / 491 \\
                 Bibliography of cited books / 513 \\
                 Index / 521 \\
                 The Periodic Law or Mendeleev table / 530",
}


bibtype: book
filename: szilard-leo.bib
label: Reed:2015:ABS
author: Bruce Cameron Reed
publisher: Morgan and Claypool Publishers and IOP Publishing
address: San Rafael, CA, USA and Bristol, UK
pages: 239 (est.)
year: 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6270-5991-6
ISSN: 2053-2571 (print), 2054-7307 (electronic) OR 20532571 (print), 20547307 (electronic)
ISSNL: 2053-2571 OR 20532571
LCCN: QC773.3.U5 R443 2015eb
bibdate: Tue Dec 8 08:41:58 MST 2015
bibtimestamp: 2015.12.08 08:41:58 MST
series: IOP concise physics
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-1-6270-5991-6
remark: Version 20140601.
subject: Atomic bomb; United States; History; Nuclear physics.; SCIENCE / Physics / Nuclear.; Atomic bomb.
acknowledgement: ack-nhfb
rawauthor: Bruce Cameron Reed
booktitle:
The atomic bomb: the story of the Manhattan Project: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer

title:
The atomic bomb: the story of the Manhattan Project: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer

ISBN:
1-62705-990-3 (print), 1-62705-991-1 (e-book), 1-62705-993-8 (mobi) OR 1627059903 (print), 1627059911 (ebook), 1627059938 (mobi)

ISBN13:
978-1-62705-990-9 (print), 978-1-62705-991-6 (e-book), 978-1-62705-993-0 (mobi) OR 9781627059909 (print), 9781627059916 (ebook), 9781627059930 (mobi)

bibsource:
fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib; http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib

abstract:
This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the project at a level accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced high-school student familiar with some basic concepts of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome in obtaining fissile uranium and plutonium, and in designing workable bombs, the dramatic Trinity test carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

TOC:
Preface Introduction and overview Prologue Some scientific preliminaries The Manhattan Project: a survey The background science Energy units, nuclear reactions and decay processes The neutron, artificial radioactivity and new elements Nuclear fission: discovery Nuclear fission: interpretation Plutonium The Manhattan Project Szilard, Einstein, the President and MAUD The Compton committee and the Manhattan Engineer District Bomb design: Los Alamos Uranium enrichment: the Clinton Engineer Works Plutonium: the pile program Trinity, Hiroshima and Nagasaki Target selection Postwar planning begins The missions Aftermath The Legacy of Manhattan and current nuclear weapons deployments Postwar political developments The super and the P-5 Nuclear tests, deployments and treaties Epilogue

rawabstract:
This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account of all major aspects of the project at a level accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced high-school student familiar with some basic concepts of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text describes the underlying scientific discoveries that made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome in obtaining fissile uranium and plutonium, and in designing workable bombs, the dramatic Trinity test carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

rawbooktitle:
The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer

rawtitle:
The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}: how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical game-changer

rawTOC:
Preface \\ Introduction and overview \\ Prologue \\ Some scientific preliminaries \\ The Manhattan Project: a survey \\ The background science \\ Energy units, nuclear reactions and decay processes \\ The neutron, artificial radioactivity and new elements \\ Nuclear fission: discovery \\ Nuclear fission: interpretation \\ Plutonium \\ The Manhattan Project \\ Szilard, Einstein, the President and MAUD \\ The Compton committee and the Manhattan Engineer District \\ Bomb design: Los Alamos \\ Uranium enrichment: the Clinton Engineer Works \\ Plutonium: the pile program \\ Trinity, Hiroshima and Nagasaki \\ Target selection \\ Postwar planning begins \\ The missions \\ Aftermath \\ The Legacy of Manhattan and current nuclear weapons deployments \\ Postwar political developments \\ The super and the P-5 \\ Nuclear tests, deployments and treaties \\ Epilogue

entry:
@Book{Reed:2015:ABS,
  author =       "Bruce Cameron Reed",
  booktitle =    "The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}:
                 how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical
                 game-changer",
  title =        "The atomic bomb: the story of the {Manhattan Project}:
                 how nuclear physics became a global geopolitical
                 game-changer",
  publisher =    "Morgan and Claypool Publishers and IOP Publishing",
  address =      "San Rafael, CA, USA and Bristol, UK",
  pages =        "239 (est.)",
  year =         "2015",
  DOI =          "https://doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6270-5991-6",
  ISBN =         "1-62705-990-3 (print), 1-62705-991-1 (e-book),
                 1-62705-993-8 (mobi)",
  ISBN-13 =      "978-1-62705-990-9 (print), 978-1-62705-991-6 (e-book),
                 978-1-62705-993-0 (mobi)",
  ISSN =         "2053-2571 (print), 2054-7307 (electronic)",
  ISSN-L =       "2053-2571",
  LCCN =         "QC773.3.U5 R443 2015eb",
  bibdate =      "Tue Dec 8 08:41:58 MST 2015",
  bibsource =    "fsz3950.oclc.org:210/WorldCat;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/b/bohr-niels.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/f/frisch-otto.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/r/rutherford-ernest.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/bibnet/authors/s/szilard-leo.bib;
                 http://www.math.utah.edu/pub/tex/bib/einstein.bib",
  series =       "IOP concise physics",
  URL =          "http://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-1-6270-5991-6",
  abstract =     "This volume, prepared by an acknowledged expert on the
                 Manhattan Project, gives a concise, fast-paced account
                 of all major aspects of the project at a level
                 accessible to an undergraduate college or advanced
                 high-school student familiar with some basic concepts
                 of energy, atomic structure, and isotopes. The text
                 describes the underlying scientific discoveries that
                 made nuclear weapons possible, how the project was
                 organized, the daunting challenges faced and overcome
                 in obtaining fissile uranium and plutonium, and in
                 designing workable bombs, the dramatic Trinity test
                 carried out in the desert of southern New Mexico in
                 July 1945, and the bombings of Hiroshima and
                 Nagasaki.",
  acknowledgement = ack-nhfb,
  remark =       "Version 20140601.",
  subject =      "Atomic bomb; United States; History; Nuclear physics.;
                 SCIENCE / Physics / Nuclear.; Atomic bomb.",
  tableofcontents = "Preface \\
                 Introduction and overview \\
                 Prologue \\
                 Some scientific preliminaries \\
                 The Manhattan Project: a survey \\
                 The background science \\
                 Energy units, nuclear reactions and decay processes \\
                 The neutron, artificial radioactivity and new elements
                 \\
                 Nuclear fission: discovery \\
                 Nuclear fission: interpretation \\
                 Plutonium \\
                 The Manhattan Project \\
                 Szilard, Einstein, the President and MAUD \\
                 The Compton committee and the Manhattan Engineer
                 District \\
                 Bomb design: Los Alamos \\
                 Uranium enrichment: the Clinton Engineer Works \\
                 Plutonium: the pile program \\
                 Trinity, Hiroshima and Nagasaki \\
                 Target selection \\
                 Postwar planning begins \\
                 The missions \\
                 Aftermath \\
                 The Legacy of Manhattan and current nuclear weapons
                 deployments \\
                 Postwar political developments \\
                 The super and the P-5 \\
                 Nuclear tests, deployments and treaties \\
                 Epilogue",
}


